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| Case Name † | Citation(s) | Court | Jurisdiction | Date | Full Text | Citation Index | |
| "Arguments About Parentage" |
|
Cambridge Law Journal | United Kingdom | circa 2008 |
|
 1 |
|
| "Babies without Borders: Human Rights, Human Dignity, and the Regulation of Inter national Commercial Surrogacy" | (2013) 27 Emory International Law Review 117 | Emory International Law Review | United States | circa 2013 | HeinOnline / LexisNexis |
|
2 |
| "Clashing symbols? Reconciling support for fathers and fatherless families after the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008" | (2010) 22 Child and Family Law Quarterly 46 | Child and Family Law Quarterly | United Kingdom | circa 2010 | LexisNexis |
|
1 |
| "Constitution of the United Kingdom, The" |
|
Cambridge Law Journal | United Kingdom | circa 1999 |
|
1 |
|
| "Selling the Womb: Can the Feminist Critique of Surrogacy be Answered?" |
|
Indiana Law Journal | United States | circa 1992 | HeinOnline / LexisNexis |
|
1 |
| "The British Response to Surrogate Motherhood: An American Critique" |
|
Law Teacher | United Kingdom | circa 1985 |
|
3  |
|
| "The Succession Rights of the Unborn Child" |
|
Edinburgh Law Review | United Kingdom - Scotland | circa 2006 | HeinOnline |
|
1 |
| "Who to Be or Not to Be: The Surrogacy Story" |
|
Modern Law Review | United Kingdom | circa 1986 | HeinOnline |
|
2 |
| (1994) 1994 Si 1994/1443 |
|
United Kingdom | circa 1994 |
|
1 |
||
| (1997) 6 Minnesota Journal of Global Trade 329 | (1997) 6 Minnesota Journal of Global Trade 329 | Minnesota Journal of Global Trade | United States | circa 1997 | Westlaw |
|
1 |
| (1999) 32 Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 271 | (1999) 32 Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 271 | Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law | United States | circa 1999 | HeinOnline / LexisNexis |
|
1 |
| (2007) 19 (4) Child and Family Law Quarterly 458 | (2007) 19 (4) Child and Family Law Quarterly 458 | Child and Family Law Quarterly | United Kingdom | circa 2007 | LexisNexis |
|
1 |
| (2009) 159 New Law Journal 1310 |
|
New Law Journal | United Kingdom | circa 2009 | LexisNexis |
|
1 |
| (2011) 41 Fam Law 479 |
|
United Kingdom | circa 2011 | LexisNexis |
|
1 |
|
| (2014) 34 Legal Studies 103 |
|
Legal Studies | United Kingdom | circa 2014 | Wiley ScienceDirect |
|
2 |
| (2015) 11 Journal of Private International Law 627 | (2015) 11 Journal of Private International Law 627 | Journal of Private International Law | United Kingdom | circa 2015 | HeinOnline |
|
1 |
| (2015) 14 Journal of International Business and Law 77 | (2015) 14 Journal of International Business and Law 77 | Journal of International Business and Law | circa 2015 |
1 |
|||
| (2017) 37 Legal Studies 324 |
|
Legal Studies | United Kingdom | circa 2017 | Wiley ScienceDirect |
|
1 |
| (2018) 30 Child and Family Law Quarterly 23 | (2018) 30 Child and Family Law Quarterly 23 | Child and Family Law Quarterly | United Kingdom | circa 2018 | LexisNexis |
|
1 |
| (2020) 28 (4) Medical Law Review 731 | (2020) 28 (4) Medical Law Review 731 | Medical Law Review | United Kingdom | circa 2020 | HeinOnline / Westlaw |
|
1 |
| (2022) 44 Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 3 | (2022) 44 Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 3 | Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law | circa 2022 |
1 |
|||
| [1977] AC 542 |
|
United Kingdom | circa 1977 | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
2 |
|
| [2000] 1 Family Law Review 571 |
|
Family Law Review | Canada | circa 2000 |
|
1 |
|
| [2005] Adoption and Fostering 6 |
|
Adoption and Fostering | United Kingdom | circa 2005 |
|
1 |
|
| [2020] Child and Family Law Quarterly 303 | [2020] Child and Family Law Quarterly 303 | Child and Family Law Quarterly | United Kingdom | circa 2020 | LexisNexis |
|
1 |
| [2022] Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 44 | [2022] Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 44 | Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law | circa 2022 |
1 |
|||
| [2022] Legal Studies 1 |
|
Legal Studies | United Kingdom | circa 2022 | Wiley ScienceDirect |
|
1 |
| [2022] Medical Law Review 1 |
|
Medical Law Review | United Kingdom | circa 2022 | HeinOnline / Westlaw |
|
1 |
| A B and C (UK surrogacy expences) | [2016] EWFC 33 | England and Wales Family Court | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 10 Jun 2016 | BAILII |
|
2 |
| A Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust v DV (A Child) | [2021] EWHC 1037 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2021 | BAILII |
|
|
| A v C | [2016] EWFC 42 | England and Wales Family Court | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 11 Jul 2016 | BAILII |
|
2 |
| A & B (No 2 - Parental Order) | [2015] EWHC 2080 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2015 | BAILII |
|
1 |
| AB v CD | [2015] EWFC 12 | England and Wales Family Court | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 13 Feb 2015 | BAILII |
|
8 |
| AB v CD | [2018] EWHC 1590 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2018 | BAILII |
|
|
| Act of Sederunt (Child Care and Maintenance Rules) |
|
United Kingdom | circa 1997 |
|
1 |
||
| B v C (Surrogacy: Adoption) | [2015] EWFC 17 | England and Wales Family Court | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 13 Feb 2015 | BAILII |
|
7 |
| Belhaj v Straw |
[2017] UKSC 3; |
United Kingdom Supreme Court | United Kingdom | 17 Jan 2017 | BAILII |
|
68 |
| AB and De | [2013] EWHC 2413 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2013 | BAILII |
|
2 |
| C-363/12 Z v A Government Department and the Board of Management of a Community School |
|
Europe | circa 2014 |
|
1 |
||
| Case C-167/12 CD v ST |
|
Europe | circa 2014 |
|
1 |
||
| CC v DD | [2014] EWHC 1307 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2014 | BAILII |
|
7 |
| Re G | [2007] EWHC 2814 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2007 | BAILII |
|
3 |
| Douglas v Duke of Hamilton |
|
House of Lords | United Kingdom - Scotland | circa 1769 |
|
2 |
|
| E v Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust and F v Somerset NHS Foundation Trust |
[2021] EWCA Civ 1888; |
England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 14 Dec 2021 | BAILII |
|
6 |
| Elliot v Joicey |
[1935] UKHL 3; |
House of Lords | United Kingdom - Scotland | 14 Feb 1935 | BAILII |
|
32 |
| Exploitation: Commercial Surrogacy and the Indian Surrogate� | (2013) 36 Suffolk Transnational Law Review 671 | Suffolk Transnational Law Review | United States | circa 2013 | HeinOnline / LexisNexis |
|
1 |
| F Banda and J Eekelaar, †International Conceptions of the Family†| (2017) 66 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 833 | International and Comparative Law Quarterly | United Kingdom | circa 2017 | HeinOnline / Westlaw |
|
1 |
| Family Procedure Rules |
|
United Kingdom | circa 2010 |
|
3 |
||
| Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority |
[1985] UKHL 7; |
House of Lords | United Kingdom | 17 Oct 1985 | BAILII |
|
506 |
| Howard v Bodington |
[1877] UKLawRpPro 14; |
United Kingdom | 27 Feb 1877 | CommonLII |
|
182 |
|
| In re A (Legal Parenthood: Written Consents) | [2015] EWHC 2602 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2015 | BAILII |
|
1 |
| In re United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (Incorporation) (Scotland) Bill |
[2021] UKSC 42; |
United Kingdom Supreme Court | United Kingdom | 6 Oct 2021 | BAILII |
|
5 |
| Jennings v Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority | [2022] EWHC 1619 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2022 | BAILII |
|
|
| JP v LP (Surrogacy Arrangement: Wardship) |
[2014] EWHC 595; |
High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2014 | BAILII |
|
3 |
| KB & RJ v RT | [2016] EWHC 760 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2016 | BAILII |
|
|
| L (a child) (Parental Order: Foreign Surrogacy), Re | [2010] EWHC 3146 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2010 | BAILII |
|
3 |
| LB, DB v SP, SP, b | [2016] EWFC 77 | England and Wales Family Court | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 29 Sep 2016 | BAILII |
|
3 |
| Leach (decd), Re; Leach v Lindeman |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | circa 1986 | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
12 |
| Leeds Teaching Hospital v A | [2003] EWHC 259 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2003 | BAILII |
|
|
| Neulinger v Switzerland |
|
European Court of Human Rights | Europe | circa 2010 |
|
12 |
|
| An NHS Trust v X | [2021] EWHC 65 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2021 | BAILII |
|
3 |
| P (a child) (Residence Order: Child's Welfare), Re |
|
United Kingdom | circa 1999 | LexisNexis |
|
24 |
|
| Pierburg v Pierburg | [2019] EWFC 24 | England and Wales Family Court | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 11 Apr 2019 | BAILII |
|
3 |
| R (a minor), In re (wardship: consent to treatment) |
|
United Kingdom | circa 1991 | LexisNexis |
|
45 |
|
| R (DA) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions |
[2019] UKSC 21; |
United Kingdom Supreme Court | United Kingdom | 15 May 2019 | BAILII |
|
86 |
| R (McConnell) v Registrar General for England and Wales |
[2020] EWCA Civ 559; |
England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 29 Apr 2020 | BAILII |
|
18 |
| R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union |
[2017] UKSC 5; |
United Kingdom Supreme Court | United Kingdom - Northern Ireland | 24 Jan 2017 | BAILII |
|
108 |
| R (Ullah) v Secretary of State for the Home Department |
[2001] EWCA Civ 659; |
England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 10 May 2001 | BAILII |
|
2 |
| Re A (Surrogacy: s 54 Criteria) | [2020] EWHC 1426 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2020 | BAILII |
|
1 |
| Re AB (Surrogacy: Consent) | [2016] EWHC 2643 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2016 | BAILII |
|
1 |
| Re B-S (Children) |
[2013] EWCA Civ 1146; |
England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 17 Sep 2013 | BAILII |
|
467 |
| Re C (A Child) (Parental Order and Child Arrangements Order) | [2020] EWHC 2141 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2020 | BAILII |
|
|
| Re C (Surrogacy: Consent) | [2023] EWCA Civ 16 | England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 16 Jan 2023 | BAILII |
|
5 |
| Re D and L (Surrogacy) | [2012] EWHC 2631 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2012 | BAILII |
|
6 |
| Re D (Practice: Declaration of Parentage) | [2017] EWHC 1782 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2017 | BAILII |
|
|
| Re A and B | [2015] EWHC 911 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2015 | BAILII |
|
4 |
| Re DM and LK | [2016] EWHC 270 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2016 | BAILII |
|
|
| Re E (a minor) (wardship: medical treatment) |
|
Australia | circa 1993 | Legal Online / Westlaw |
|
14 |
|
| Re F (Children) (Thai Surrogacy: Enduring Family Relationship) |
[2016] EWHC 1594; |
High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 12 Jan 2016 | BAILII |
|
6 |
| Re G |
[2006] UKHL 43; |
House of Lords | United Kingdom | 26 Jul 2006 | BAILII |
|
90 |
| Re H (Surrogacy Breakdown) | [2017] EWCA Civ 1798 | England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 17 Nov 2017 | BAILII |
|
2 |
| Re M (A Child) | [2015] EWFC 36 | England and Wales Family Court | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 30 Apr 2015 | BAILII |
|
3 |
| Re M (A Child) | [2017] EWCA Civ 228 | England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 6 Apr 2017 | BAILII |
|
1 |
| Re N (A Child) |
[2019] EWFC 21; |
England and Wales Family Court | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 7 Feb 2019 | BAILII |
|
6 |
| Re N (Children) (Adoption: Jurisdiction) |
[2015] EWCA Civ 1112; |
England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 2 Nov 2015 | BAILII |
|
28 |
| Re N | [2007] EWCA Civ 1053 | England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 25 Jul 2007 | BAILII |
|
7 |
| Re P (Placement Orders: Parental Consent) | [2008] EWCA Civ 535 | England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 20 May 2008 | BAILII |
|
113 |
| Re P-M | [2013] EWHC 2328 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2013 | BAILII |
|
3 |
| Re S | [2017] EWHC 2729 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2017 | BAILII |
|
1 |
| Re t | [2011] EWHC 33 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2011 | BAILII |
|
1 |
| Re X (A Child) (No 2) |
|
United Kingdom | circa 2021 | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
5 |
|
| Re X | [2014] EWHC 3135 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2014 | BAILII |
|
18 |
| Re X (Foreign Surrogacy: Death of Intended Parent) |
|
England and Wales Family Court | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2022 | BAILII |
|
|
| Re X | [2020] EWFC 39 | England and Wales Family Court | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 20 May 2020 | BAILII |
|
8 |
| Re Z (A Child) (No 2) |
[2016] EWHC 1191; |
High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 20 May 2016 | BAILII |
|
14 |
| Re Z (Foreign Surrogacy) | [2015] EWFC 90 | England and Wales Family Court | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 16 Nov 2015 | BAILII |
|
7 |
| Re Z (Parental Order: Child’s Home) | [2021] EWHC 29 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2021 | BAILII |
|
|
| S v l |
[2012] UKSC 30; |
United Kingdom Supreme Court | United Kingdom | 11 Jul 2012 | BAILII |
|
12 |
| Surrogacy: Review for Health Ministers of Current Arrangements for Payments and Regulation (October | [1998] CM 4068 | Canadian Courts Martial | Canada | circa 1998 | CanLII |
|
3 |
| T, Petitioner |
|
United Kingdom - Scotland | circa 1997 | Westlaw |
|
33 |
|
| Transnational Context: A Postcolonial Feminist Call for Legalization and Public Funding� |
|
McGill Law Journal | Canada | circa 2015 | HeinOnline / LexisNexis |
|
1 |
| R (on the application of TT) v Registrar-General for England and Wales | [2019] EWHC 2384 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2019 | BAILII |
|
1 |
| White v White |
[2001] ScotCS 48; |
Scottish Court of Session | United Kingdom - Scotland | 6 Mar 2001 | BAILII |
|
44 |
| Re: X and Y | [2008] EWHC 3030 | High Court of England and Wales | United Kingdom - England and Wales | circa 2008 | BAILII |
|
6 |
| X (Foreign Surrogacy; Death of Intended Parent), Re | [2022] EWFC 34 | England and Wales Family Court | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 4 Mar 2022 | BAILII |
|
1 |
| X v b |
[2022] EWFC 129; |
England and Wales Family Court | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 28 Oct 2022 | BAILII |
|
2 |
| X v Z (Parental Order: Adult) |
[2022] EWFC 26; |
England and Wales Family Court | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 5 Apr 2022 | BAILII |
|
5 |
| XX v Whittington Hospital NHS Trust |
[2018] EWCA Civ 2832; |
England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 19 Dec 2018 | BAILII |
|
4 |
| XX v Whittington Hospital NHS Trust |
[2020] UKSC 14; |
United Kingdom Supreme Court | United Kingdom | 1 Apr 2020 | BAILII |
|
6 |
| Z (A Child) (Surrogate Father: Parental Order), Re |
[2015] EWFC 73; |
England and Wales Family Court | United Kingdom - England and Wales | 7 Sep 2015 | BAILII |
|
14 |
| 13 CM 8074 | 13 CM 8074 | Canadian Courts Martial | Canada | circa 2015 | CanLII |
|
1 |
| 44 CM 1976 | 44 CM 1976 | Canadian Courts Martial | Canada | circa 1976 | CanLII |
|
1 |
| 44 CM 8477 | 44 CM 8477 | Canadian Courts Martial | Canada | circa 2015 | CanLII |
|
1 |
| 84 Aca 2002 |
|
United States - California | circa 2002 |
|
4 |
||
| 131 Aca 2002 |
|
United States - California | circa 2002 |
|
1 |
||
| 133 Ch 13 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | circa 2015 | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
1 |
| 135 Ch 13 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | circa 2015 | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
1 |
| 155 Ch 12 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | circa 2015 | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
1 |
| 246 Ch 4 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
2 |
|
| 247 Ch 4 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
1 |
|
| 267 Ch 49 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | circa 2015 | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
1 |
| 275 Ch 5 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
1 |
|
| 277 Ch 10 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | circa 2015 | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
1 |
| 326 Ch 16 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | circa 2015 | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
2 |
| 387 Ch 12 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | circa 2015 | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
1 |
| 388 Ch 12 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | circa 2015 | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
1 |
| 438 Aca 2002 |
|
United States - California | circa 2002 |
|
1 |
||
| 440 Aca 2002 |
|
United States - California | circa 2002 |
|
1 |
||
| 481 Ch 13 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | circa 2015 | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
1 |
| 485 Ch 4 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
1 |
|
| 488 Ch 4 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
1 |
|
| 498 Aca 2002 |
|
United States - California | circa 2002 |
|
1 |
||
| 499 Aca 2002 |
|
United States - California | circa 2002 |
|
1 |
||
| 500 Aca 2002 |
|
United States - California | circa 2002 |
|
1 |
||
| 512 Ch 4 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | circa 2015 | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
1 |
| 531 Ch 6 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | circa 2015 | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
1 |
| 536 Ch 8 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | circa 2015 | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
1 |
| 581 Ch 6 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | circa 2015 | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
1 |
| 594 Aca 2002 |
|
United States - California | circa 2002 |
|
1 |
||
| 654 Ch 14 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | circa 2015 | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
1 |
| 686 Aca 2002 |
|
United States - California | circa 2002 |
|
1 |
||
| 689 Aca 2002 |
|
United States - California | circa 2002 |
|
1 |
||
| 763 Aca 2002 |
|
United States - California | circa 2002 |
|
1 |
||
| 765 Aca 2002 |
|
United States - California | circa 2002 |
|
1 |
||
| 766 Aca 2002 |
|
United States - California | circa 2002 |
|
1 |
||
| 786 Aca 2002 |
|
United States - California | circa 2002 |
|
1 |
||
| 881 Ch 12 |
|
Court of Chancery | United Kingdom | circa 2015 | LexisNexis / Westlaw |
|
1 |
| 1095 Aca 2002 |
|
United States - California | circa 2002 |
|
1 |
||
| 1112 Aca 2002 |
|
United States - California | circa 2002 |
|
1 |