LawCite Search | LawCite Markup Tool | Help | Feedback

Law
Cite


Cases Referring to this Case | Law Reform Reports Referring to this Case | Law Journal Articles Referring to this Case | Legislation Cited | Cases and Articles Cited

Help

Duma v Fairfax Media Publications Pty Ltd (No 3)   flag  6

[2023] FCA 47
Federal Court of Australia
Australia - Commonwealth
7th February, 2023

Cases Referring to this Case

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date Full Text †  Citation Index
Edwards v Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd (No 5) [2024] FCA 422 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 26 Apr 2024 AustLII flag 2
Al Muderis v Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd (No 3) [2024] FCA 204 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 8 Mar 2024 AustLII flag
Greiss v Seven Network (Operations) Ltd (No 2) [2024] FCA 98 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 20 Feb 2024 AustLII flag 3
Read v Gitman [2023] NSWDC 330 District Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales 24 Aug 2023 AustLII flag 1
Schiff v Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd (No 4) [2023] FCA 688 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 23 Jun 2023 AustLII flag 3
Duma v Fairfax Media Publications Pty Ltd (No 4) [2023] FCA 159 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 3 Mar 2023 AustLII flag

Legislation Cited

Legislation Name Provision
Evidence Act 1995 (Cth) s136, s138, s140
Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 (Cth) s51A
Jurisdiction of Courts (Cross-Vesting) Act 1987 (Cth) s9
Federal Court Rules 2011 (Cth) s39.32
Defamation Act 2005 (NSW) s4, s11, s30, s34, s35
State Act (NSW)
Defamation Act 1974 (NSW) s10, s11, s22, s30, s34, s35

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date Full Text †  Citation Index
Kumova v Davison (No 2) [2023] FCA 1 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 9 Jan 2023 AustLII flag 15
Schiff v Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd (No 2) [2022] FCA 1120 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 23 Sep 2022 AustLII flag 8
Bazzi v Dutton [2022] FCAFC 84; (2022) 289 FCR 1; 402 ALR 219 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 17 May 2022 AustLII flag 29
Herron v HarperCollins Publishers Australia Pty Ltd [2022] FCAFC 68; (2022) 292 FCR 336; (2022) 400 ALR 56 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 29 Apr 2022 AustLII flag 27
Rayney v Western Australia (No 4) [2022] WASCA 44 Supreme Court of Western Australia - Court of Appeal Australia - Western Australia 12 Apr 2022 AustLII flag 12
Duma v Fairfax Media Publications Pty Ltd (No 2) [2021] FCA 1299 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 12 Oct 2021 AustLII flag 3
Chau v Australian Broadcasting Corporation (No 3) [2021] FCA 44; (2021) 386 ALR 36 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 2 Feb 2021 AustLII flag 18
Bailey v WIN Television NSW Pty Ltd [2020] NSWCA 352; (2020) 104 NSWLR 541 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales 22 Dec 2020 AustLII flag 7
Lewis v Australian Capital Territory [2020] HCA 26; (2020) 271 CLR 192; (2020) 381 ALR 375; (2020) 94 ALJR 740 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 5 Aug 2020 AustLII flag 76
Nationwide News Pty Ltd v Rush [2020] FCAFC 115; (2020) 380 ALR 432 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 2 Jul 2020 AustLII flag 46
Armstrong v McIntosh (No 4) [2020] WASC 31 Supreme Court of Western Australia Australia - Western Australia 21 May 2020 AustLII flag 9
Hanson-Young v Leyonhjelm (No 5) [2020] FCA 34 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 31 Jan 2020 AustLII flag 10
Australian Broadcasting Corporation v Chau Chak Wing [2019] FCAFC 125; (2019) 271 FCR 632; (2019) 371 ALR 545 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 2 Aug 2019 AustLII flag 75
Oliver v Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd [2019] FCA 583 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 26 Apr 2019 AustLII flag 39
Rush v Nationwide News Pty Ltd (No 7) [2019] FCA 496 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 11 Apr 2019 AustLII flag 74
Chau v Fairfax Media Publications Pty Ltd [2019] FCA 185 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 22 Feb 2019 AustLII flag 35
Wagner v Harbour Radio Pty Ltd [2018] QSC 201; [2018] ATR 82-405 Supreme Court of Queensland Australia - Queensland 12 Sep 2018 AustLII flag 46
Trkulja v Google LLC [2018] HCA 25 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 13 Jun 2018 AustLII flag 81
Rush v Nationwide News Pty Ltd (No 2) [2018] FCA 550; (2018) 359 ALR 564 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 20 Apr 2018 AustLII flag 46
Rush v Nationwide News Pty Ltd [2018] FCA 357; (2018) 359 ALR 473 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 20 Mar 2018 AustLII flag 60
Rayney v Western Australia (No 9) [2017] WASC 367 Supreme Court of Western Australia Australia - Western Australia 15 Dec 2017 AustLII flag 30
Rana v Google Inc [2017] FCAFC 156; (2017) 254 FCR 1; (2017) 350 ALR 280; (2017) 254 FLR 1 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 28 Sep 2017 AustLII flag 93
Wilson v Bauer Media Pty Ltd [2017] VSC 521 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 13 Sep 2017 AustLII flag 70
Rayney v Western Australia (No 9) [2017] WASCA 367 Supreme Court of Western Australia - Court of Appeal Australia - Western Australia circa 2017 AustLII flag 1
Hockey v Fairfax Media Publications Pty Ltd [2015] FCA 652; (2015) 237 FCR 33; (2015) 332 ALR 257 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 30 Jun 2015 AustLII flag 117
Bleyer v Google Inc [2014] NSWSC 897; (2014) 311 ALR 529; (2014) 88 NSWLR 670 Supreme Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales 12 Aug 2014 AustLII flag 97
Forrest v Australian Securities and Investments Commission [2012] HCA 39; (2012) 247 CLR 486; (2012) 291 ALR 399; (2012) 91 ACSR 128; (2012) 86 ALJR 1183 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 2 Oct 2012 AustLII flag 248
Crosby v Kelly [2012] FCAFC 96; (2012) 203 FCR 451; (2012) 289 ALR 531 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 2 Jul 2012 AustLII flag 58
Bristow v Adams [2012] NSWCA 166 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales 22 May 2012 AustLII flag 75
Channel Seven Sydney Pty Ltd v Mahommed [2010] NSWCA 335; (2010) 278 ALR 232; [2010] ATR 82-075 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales 7 Dec 2010 AustLII flag 91
Rayney v Western Australia (No 2) [2009] WASC 133 Supreme Court of Western Australia Australia - Western Australia 15 May 2009 AustLII flag 5
Radio 2UE Sydney Pty Ltd v Chesterton [2009] HCA 16; (2009) 238 CLR 460; (2009) 254 ALR 606; (2009) 83 ALJR 654; [2009] Aust Torts Reports 82-007 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 22 Apr 2009 AustLII flag 197
Davis v Nationwide News Pty Ltd [2008] NSWSC 699; (2008) 71 NSWLR 606 Supreme Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales 11 Jul 2008 AustLII flag 14
John Fairfax Publications Pty Ltd v Zunter [2006] NSWCA 227 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales 16 Aug 2006 AustLII flag 50
John Fairfax Publications Pty Ltd v O ’ Shane (No 2) [2005] NSWCA 291 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales 31 Aug 2005 AustLII flag 45
John Fairfax Publications Pty Ltd v Obeid [2005] NSWCA 60; (2005) 64 NSWLR 485 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales 14 Mar 2005 AustLII flag 40
Favell v Queensland Newspapers Pty Ltd [2005] HCA 52; (2005) 221 ALR 186; (2005) 79 ALJR 1716 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth circa 2005 AustLII flag 319
Rogers v Nationwide News Pty Ltd [2003] HCA 52; (2003) 216 CLR 327; (2003) 201 ALR 184; (2003) 77 ALJR 1739; [2003] Aust Torts Reports 81-713 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 11 Sep 2003 AustLII flag 214
John Fairfax Publications Pty Ltd v Rivkin [2003] HCA 50; (2003) 201 ALR 77; (2003) 77 ALJR 1657; [2003] Aust Torts Reports 81-711 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 10 Sep 2003 AustLII flag 202
Jones v John Fairfax Publications Pty Ltd [2002] NSWSC 1210 Supreme Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales 18 Dec 2002 AustLII flag 6
Roberts v Bass [2002] HCA 57; (2002) 212 CLR 1; (2003) 194 ALR 161; (2002) 77 ALJR 292; [2003] Aust Torts Reports 81-683 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 12 Dec 2002 AustLII flag 343
Greek Herald Pty Ltd v Nikolopoulos [2002] NSWCA 41; (2002) 54 NSWLR 165 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales circa 2002 AustLII flag 117
Evatt v Nationwide News Pty Ltd [1999] NSWCA 99 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales 19 Apr 1999 AustLII flag 14
Amalgamated Television Services Pty Ltd v Marsden [1998] NSWSC 4; (1998) 143 FLR 180; (1998) 43 NSWLR 158; [1998] Aust Torts Reports 81-462 Supreme Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales 4 Feb 1998 AustLII flag 365
Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation [1997] HCA 25; (1997) 189 CLR 520; (1997) 8 FLR 216; (1997) 145 ALR 96; (1997) 71 ALJR 818; [1997] Aust Torts Reports 81-434; 2 BHRC 513; (1997) 2 CHRLD 231; (1997) 10 Leg Rep 2 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 8 Jul 1997 AustLII flag 1221
Crampton v Nugawela [1996] NSWSC 651; (1996) 41 NSWLR 176; [1997] Aust Torts Reports 81-416 Supreme Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales 23 Dec 1996 AustLII flag 161
Carson v John Fairfax & Sons Ltd [1993] HCA 31; (1993) 178 CLR 44; (1993) 113 ALR 577; (1993) 67 ALJR 634; [1993] Aust Torts Reports 81-227 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 16 Jun 1993 AustLII flag 497
Coyne v Citizen Finance Ltd [1991] HCA 10; (1991) 172 CLR 211; (1991) 99 ALR 252; 65 ALJR 314; [1991] Aust Torts Reports 81-094 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 18 Apr 1991 AustLII flag 154
Banque Commerciale SA, En Liquidation v Akhil Holdings Ltd [1990] HCA 11; (1990) 169 CLR 279; (1990) 92 ALR 53; (1990) 64 ALJR 244 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth circa 1990 AustLII flag 1284
Attorney-General (UK) v Heinemann Publishers Australia Pty Ltd [1988] HCA 25; (1988) 165 CLR 30; (1988) 78 ALR 449; (1988) 10 IPR 385; (1988) 62 ALJR 344; [1988] LRC (Const) 1007 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 2 Jun 1988 AustLII flag 129
Briginshaw v Briginshaw [1938] HCA 34; (1938) 60 CLR 336; [1938] ALR 334; 12 ALJR 100 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 14 Oct 1982 AustLII flag 10253
Mirror Newspapers Ltd v Harrison [1982] HCA 50; (1982) 149 CLR 293; (1982) 42 ALR 487; (1982) 56 ALJR 808 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 14 Sep 1982 AustLII flag 336
Meckiff v Simpson (Appeal) [1968] VicRp 8; [1968] VR 69 Australia - Victoria 13 Oct 1967 AustLII flag 12
Meckiff v Simpson [1968] VicRp 7; [1968] VR 62 Australia - Victoria 5 Jun 1967 AustLII flag 132
Uren v John Fairfax & Sons Pty Ltd [1966] HCA 40; (1966) 117 CLR 118; [1967] ALR 25; (1966) 40 ALJR 124 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 2 Jun 1966 AustLII flag 654
Watts v Rake [1960] HCA 58; (1960) 108 CLR 158; [1961] ALR 333; 34 ALJR 186 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 12 Aug 1960 AustLII flag 905
Jones v Dunkel [1959] HCA 8; (1959) 101 CLR 298; [1959] ALR 367; 32 ALJR 395; (1959) 18 CA 8 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 3 Mar 1959 AustLII flag 7863
Triggell v Pheeney [1951] HCA 23; (1951) 82 CLR 497; [1951] ALR 453 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 10 May 1951 AustLII flag 279
Herald & Weekly Times Ltd v McGregor [1928] HCA 36; (1928) 41 CLR 254; [1928] ALR 377 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 8 Nov 1928 AustLII flag 121
Gould v Mount Oxide Mines Ltd [1916] HCA 81; (1916) 22 CLR 490 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 22 Dec 1916 AustLII flag 431
Stocker v Stocker [2019] UKSC 17; [2020] AC 593; [2019] 3 All ER 647; [2019] 2 WLR 1033 United Kingdom Supreme Court United Kingdom 3 Apr 2019 BAILII flag 119
Rufus v Elliott [2015] EWCA Civ 121; [2015] EMLR 17 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 20 Feb 2015 BAILII flag 17
Lord McAlpine of West Green v Bercow [2013] EWHC 1342 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales circa 2013 BAILII flag 9
Cairns v Modi [2012] EWCA Civ 1382; [2013] 1 WLR 1015 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 31 Oct 2012 BAILII flag 77
Flood v Times Newspapers Ltd [2012] UKSC 11; [2012] 2 AC 273; [2012] 4 All ER 913; [2012] Crim LR 808; [2012] All ER (D) 153; [2012] 2 WLR 760 United Kingdom Supreme Court United Kingdom 21 Mar 2012 BAILII flag 75
Warren v Random House Group Ltd [2008] EWCA Civ 834; [2009] QB 600; [2009] 2 All ER 245; [2009] 2 WLR 314; [2008] All ER (D) 224; 31 CA 15; [2009] EMLR 1 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 16 Jul 2008 BAILII flag 37
Jeynes v News Magazines Ltd [2008] EWCA Civ 130 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 31 Jan 2008 BAILII flag 189
Jameel (Yousef) v Dow Jones & Co Inc [2005] EWCA Civ 75; [2005] QB 946; [2005] 2 WLR 1614; [2005] EMLR 353; [2005] All ER (D) 43 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales circa 2005 BAILII flag 435
Burstein v Times Newspapers Ltd [2000] EWCA Civ 338; [2000] 2 All ER 2384; [2001] 1 WLR 579; [2000] All ER (D) 2384; [2001] EMLR 14 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 20 Dec 2000 BAILII flag 136
Berezovsky v Michaels [2000] UKHL 25; [2000] 2 All ER 986; [2000] 1 WLR 1004 House of Lords United Kingdom 11 May 2000 BAILII flag 70
GKR Karate (UK) Ltd v Yorkshire Post Newspapers Ltd [2000] EWCA Civ 420; [2000] 2 All ER 931; [2000] 1 WLR 2571; (2000) 97 LSG 32; [2000] EMLR 396 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 11 Jan 2000 BAILII flag 23
Cassell & Co Ltd v Broome [1972] UKHL 3; [1972] AC 1027; [1972] 1 All ER 801; [1972] 2 WLR 645 House of Lords United Kingdom 23 Feb 1972 BAILII flag 968
Montgomery v Thompson [1891] UKLawRpAC 15; [1891] AC 217; 64 LT 748 United Kingdom 12 May 1891 CommonLII flag 32
Scott v Sampson [1882] UKLawRpKQB 32; (1882) 8 QBD 491 United Kingdom 20 Mar 1882 CommonLII flag 125
Clark v Molyneux [1877] UKLawRpKQB 104; (1877-1878) 3 QBD 237; 37 LT 694 United Kingdom 4 Dec 1877 CommonLII flag 90
"The Interaction between American and Foreign Libel Law: US Courts Refuse to Enforce English Libel Judgments" (2000) 49 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 131 International and Comparative Law Quarterly United Kingdom circa 2000 HeinOnline / Westlaw flag 3
Trkulja v Google LLC (2018) 263 CLR 149 Australia - Commonwealth circa 2018 Legal Online / Westlaw flag 79
Jones & Co Inc v Gutnick (2002) 210 CLR 575 Australia - Commonwealth circa 2002 Legal Online / Westlaw flag 344
MBP (SA) Pty Ltd v Gogic (1991) 171 CLR 657 Australia - Commonwealth circa 1991 Legal Online / Westlaw flag 312
Pamplin v Express Newspapers Ltd (No 2) [1988] 1 All ER 282; [1988] 1 WLR 116 United Kingdom circa 1988 LexisNexis flag 102
Jones v Skelton [1963] 3 All ER 952; [1963] 1 WLR 1362 United Kingdom circa 1963 LexisNexis flag 229
Three Rivers District Council v Bank of England (No 3) [2003] 2 AC 1 United Kingdom circa 2003 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 1
Airbus Industrie GIE v Patel [1991] 1 AC 119 United Kingdom circa 1991 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 4
Austin v Mirror Newspapers Ltd [1986] AC 299 United Kingdom circa 1986 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 37
Horrocks v Lowe [1975] AC 135; [1974] 1 All ER 662; [1974] 2 WLR 282 United Kingdom circa 1975 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 471
Goody v Odhams Press Ltd [1967] 1 QB 333; [1966] 3 All ER 369; [1966] 3 WLR 460 United Kingdom circa 1967 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 78
McCarey v Associated Newspapers Ltd (No 2) [1965] 2 QB 86; [1964] 3 All ER 947; [1965] 2 WLR 45 United Kingdom circa 1965 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 111
Dingle v Associated Newspapers Ltd [1964] AC 371 United Kingdom circa 1964 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 172
Lewis v Daily Telegraph Ltd [1963] 1 QB 340; [1964] AC 234; [1963] 2 All ER 151; [1963] 2 WLR 1063 United Kingdom circa 1963 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 848
Plato Films Ltd v Speidel [1961] AC 1090; [1961] 1 All ER 876; [1961] 2 WLR 470 United Kingdom circa 1961 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 254
Wenkart v Pitman (1998) 46 NSWLR 502 Australia - New South Wales circa 1998 LexisNexis AU flag 35
Australian Broadcasting Corporation v Waterhouse (1991) 25 NSWLR 519; [1991] Aust Torts Reports 81-147 Australia - New South Wales circa 1991 LexisNexis AU flag 17
Morgan v John Fairfax & Sons Ltd (No 2) (1991) 23 NSWLR 374; [1991] Aust Torts Reports 81-115 Australia - New South Wales circa 1991 LexisNexis AU flag 95
Drummoyne Municipal Council v Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1990) 21 NSWLR 135 Australia - New South Wales circa 1990 LexisNexis AU flag 310
John Fairfax & Sons Ltd v Kelly (1987) 8 NSWLR 131; [1987] Aust Torts Reports 80-091 Australia - New South Wales circa 1987 LexisNexis AU flag 105
Austin v Mirror Newspapers Ltd (1985) 3 NSWLR 354 Australia - New South Wales circa 1985 LexisNexis AU flag 75
Barbaro v Amalgamated Television Services Pty Ltd (1985) 1 NSWLR 30; [1985] Aust Torts Reports 80-698 Australia - New South Wales circa 1985 LexisNexis AU flag 102
Waterhouse v Broadcasting Station 2GB Pty Ltd (1985) 1 NSWLR 58; [1985] Aust Torts Reports 80-728 Australia - New South Wales circa 1985 LexisNexis AU flag 132
Wheatley v Bell (1982) 2 NSWLR 544; 1A IPR 613 Australia - New South Wales circa 1982 LexisNexis AU flag 79
Ainsworth Nominees Pty Ltd v Hanrahan [1982] 2 NSWLR 823 Australia - New South Wales circa 1982 LexisNexis AU flag 17
K v Minister for Youth and Community Services [1982] 1 NSWLR 311; 8 Fam LR 756 Australia - New South Wales circa 1982 LexisNexis AU flag 57
Farquhar v Bottom [1980] 2 NSWLR 380 Australia - New South Wales circa 1980 LexisNexis AU flag 163
Petritsis v Hellenic Herald Pty Ltd [1978] 2 NSWLR 174 Australia - New South Wales circa 1978 LexisNexis AU flag 70
Donnelly v Marrickville Municipal Council [1973] 2 NSWLR 390; (1973) 28 LGRA 276 Australia - New South Wales circa 1973 LexisNexis AU flag 35
Noko No 96 Ltd v Temu [2013] PGNC 365 National Court of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea 10 May 2013 PacLII flag 1
Noko No 96 Ltd v Temu [2012] PGSC 27 Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea 20 Jul 2012 PacLII flag 1
New York Times Co v Sullivan 376 US 254; 95 ALR 2d 1412; 11 L Ed 686; 11 L Ed 2d 686; 84 SCt 710 United States Supreme Court United States 9 Mar 1964 WorldLII flag 1252
McLean v David Syme & Co Ltd (1970) 72 SR (NSW) 513; (1971) 92 WN (NSW) 611 Supreme Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales circa 1970 flag 31
Multigroup Bulgaria Holding AD v Oxford Analytica Ltd [2001] EMLR 737 United Kingdom circa 2001 flag 5
[1370] SR (NSW) 644 [1370] SR (NSW) 644 Supreme Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales circa 1370 flag 1
Thomson v Lambert [1938] 2 DLR 545 circa 1938 14

LawCite: Privacy | Disclaimers | Conditions of Use | Acknowledgements | Feedback