Kruger v Commonwealth of Australia (M21/1996) (Lead action) ("Stolen Generations case") - Volume IV - Defendant's submissions

[1995] HCASCF 44

High Court of Australia

Australia - Commonwealth

29th November, 1995

Legislation Cited

Legislation Name	Provision
Constitution
Limitation Act 1985 (ACT)	s56
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (Cth)	s4
High Court of Australia Act 1979 (Cth)
Judiciary Act 1903 (Cth)	s44, s56, s64, s79
Northern Territory Acceptance Act (Cth)
1990 Act (Cth)
High Court Rules (Cth)
Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902 (Cth)
Northern Australia Act 1926 (Cth)
Northern Territory (Administration) Act 1910 (Cth)
Northern Territory (Administration) Act 1947 (Cth)
Choice of Law (Limitation Periods) Act 1993 (NSW)	s5
Aborigines Protection Amending Act 1915 (NSW)
Choice of Law (Limitation Periods) Act 1994 (NT)
Limitation Act 1981 (NT)	s3, s9, s44
Choice of Law (Limitation Periods) Act 1993 (Vic)
Limitation of Actions Act 1958 (Vic)	s5
Natives (Citizenship Rights) Act, 1944 (WA)

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name	Citation(s)	Court †	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text	Citation Index
"The constitutional status of the self-governing Northern Territory"	(1985) 59 Australian Law Journal 698	Australian Law Journal	Australia	circa 1985	Legal Online	7
Simpson v Attorney-General	[1994] NZCA 287; [1994] 3 NZLR 667; (1994) 1 HRNZ 42	Court of Appeal of New Zealand	New Zealand	29 Jul 1994	NZLII	313
Adams v Cape Industries PLC	[1990] Ch 433; [1991] 1 All ER 929; [1990] BCLC 479; [1990] BCC 786; [1990] 2 WLR 657	Court of Chancery	United Kingdom	circa 1990	LexisNexis / Westlaw	282
Frankfurther v W L Exner Ltd	[1947] Ch 629	Court of Chancery	United Kingdom	circa 1947	LexisNexis / Westlaw	5
Re Macartney	[1921] 1 Ch 522	Court of Chancery	United Kingdom	circa 1921	LexisNexis / Westlaw	18
Dixon v Harrison	[1682] Vaugh 36; 124 ER 958	Court of Common Pleas	United Kingdom	circa 1682	CommonLII	1
B v France	[1992] ECHR 40; (1993) 16 EHRR 1	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	25 Mar 1992	BAILII	20
Cossey v United Kingdom	[1990] ECHR 21; (1991) 13 EHRR 622	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	27 Sep 1990	BAILII	43
Norris v Ireland	[1988] ECHR 22; (1989) 13 EHRR 186	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	26 Oct 1988	BAILII	74
F v Switzerland	[1987] ECHR 32; (1987) 10 EHRR 411	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	18 Dec 1987	BAILII	14
Inze v Austria	[1987] ECHR 28; (1988) 10 EHRR 394	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	28 Oct 1987	BAILII	30
Johnston v Ireland	[1986] ECHR 17; (1986) 9 EHRR 203	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	18 Dec 1986	BAILII	37
Rees v United Kingdom	[1986] ECHR 11; (1986) 9 EHRR 56	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	17 Oct 1986	BAILII	48
Dudgeon v United Kingdom	[1981] ECHR 5; (1981) 4 EHRR 149	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	22 Oct 1981	BAILII	119
Marckx v Belgium	[1979] ECHR 2; (1979) 2 EHRR 330	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	13 Jun 1979	BAILII	235
Tyrer v United Kingdom	[1978] ECHR 2; (1978) 2 EHRR 1	European Court of Human Rights	Europe	25 Apr 1978	BAILII	85
Commonwealth of Australia v Dinnison	[1995] FCA 1176; (1995) 56 FCR 389; (1995) 129 ALR 239	Federal Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	4 Apr 1995	AustLII	57
FH Faulding and Co Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation	[1994] FCA 1492; (1994) 54 FCR 75; (1994) 126 ALR 561; (1994) 29 ATR 475; 35 ALD 291	Federal Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	18 Nov 1994	AustLII	17
Commonwealth v Mewett	[1994] FCA 1444; (1994) 126 ALR 391	Federal Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	1 Nov 1994	AustLII	17
Unilan Holdings Pty Ltd v Kerin	[1993] FCA 605; 44 FCR 481	Federal Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	10 Dec 1993	AustLII	47
Newcrest Mining (WA) Ltd v Commonwealth (No 2)	[1993] FCA 528; (1993) 46 FCR 342; 119 ALR 423	Federal Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	3 Nov 1993	AustLII	10
Ardeshirian v Robe River Iron Associates	[1993] FCA 352; (1993) 43 FCR 475; (1993) 116 ALR 173; [1993] EOC 92-529; (1993) 30 ALD 803	Federal Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	28 Jul 1993	AustLII	13
Chan v Minister for Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs	[1991] FCA 358; (1991) 31 FCR 29; (1991) 103 ALR 499	Federal Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	9 Aug 1991	AustLII	10
Attorney-General (NT) v Hand	(1989) 25 FCR 345	Federal Court of Australia	Australia	circa 1989	Legal Online / Westlaw	28
Pavich v Bobra Nominees Pty Ltd	[1988] FCA 378; (1988) 84 ALR 285; [1988] ATPR 40-917; [1988] ATPR (Digest) 46	Federal Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	31 Oct 1988	AustLII	26
Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Lebanese Moslem Association	(1987) 17 FCR 373; (1987) 71 ALR 578	Federal Court of Australia	Australia	circa 1987	Legal Online / Westlaw	18
Milner v Delita Pty Ltd	(1985) 9 FCR 299	Federal Court of Australia	Australia	circa 1985	Legal Online / Westlaw	12
Rollinson v Canada	1991 3 FC 70	Federal Court of Canada	Canada	circa 1991	CanLII	2
"Role of a Constitutional Court in a Federation - A Comparison of the Australian and the United States Experience, The"	(1986) 16 FedLRev 1	Federal Law Review	Australia	circa 1986	HeinOnline	12
"Extra-Constitutional Notions in Australian Constitutional Law"	(1986) 16 FedLRev 223	Federal Law Review	Australia	circa 1986	HeinOnline	5
"The Australian Constitution and the Australian Aborigine"	[1966] 2 FedLRev 17	Federal Law Review	Australia	circa 1966	AustLII	3
Gambotto v Resolute Samantha Ltd	[1995] HCA 48; 131 ALR 263; 13 ACLC 1; (1995) 69 ALJR 752	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	28 Sep 1995	AustLII	8
Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v Richard Walter Pty Ltd	[1995] HCA 23; (1995) 183 CLR 168; 127 ALR 21; (1995) 69 ALJR 223; 29 ATR 644	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	18 Apr 1995	AustLII	343
Western Australia v Commonwealth	[1995] HCA 47; (1995) 183 CLR 373; (1995) 128 ALR 1; (1995) 69 ALJR 309; [1995] EOC 92-687	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	16 Mar 1995	AustLII	547
Australian Education Union, Re; Ex parte Victoria (AEU case)	[1995] HCA 71; (1995) 184 CLR 188; (1995) 128 ALR 609; (1995) 69 ALJR 451; (1995) 58 IR 431; (1995) 7 Leg Rep 2	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1995	AustLII	262
Svikart v Stewart	[1994] HCA 62; (1994) 181 CLR 548; (1994) 125 ALR 554; 69 ALJR 35; 20 MVR 1	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	7 Dec 1994	AustLII	46
Theophanous v Herald & Weekly Times Ltd	[1994] HCA 46; (1994) 182 CLR 104; (1994) 124 ALR 1; (1994) 68 ALJR 713; [1994] Aust Torts Reports 81-297; 34 ALD 1	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	12 Oct 1994	AustLII	667
Cunliffe v The Commonwealth	[1994] HCA 44; (1994) 182 CLR 272; (1994) 124 ALR 120; (1994) 68 ALJR 791	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	12 Oct 1994	AustLII	374
Horta v Commonwealth	[1994] HCA 32; (1994) 181 CLR 183; 123 ALR 1; 68 ALJR 620	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	18 Aug 1994	AustLII	131
Mutual Pools & Staff Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth	[1994] HCA 9; (1994) 179 CLR 155; (1994) 119 ALR 577; (1994) 68 ALJR 216; 27 ATR 357	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	9 Mar 1994	AustLII	204
Georgiadis v Australian and Overseas Telecommunications Corporation	[1994] HCA 6; (1994) 179 CLR 297; (1994) 119 ALR 629; 68 ALJR 272	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	9 Mar 1994	AustLII	258
Capital Duplicators [No 2]	[1993] HCA 67; (1993) 178 CLR 561; (1993) 118 ALR 1; 68 ALJR 56; 27 ATR 1	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	7 Dec 1993	AustLII	62
Cheatle v R	[1993] HCA 44; (1993) 177 CLR 541; (1993) 116 ALR 1; 66 A Crim R 484; 67 ALJR 760	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	26 Aug 1993	AustLII	222
Capital Duplicators Pty Ltd v Australian Capital Territory	[1992] HCA 51; (1992) 177 CLR 248; (1992) 109 ALR 1; (1992) 66 ALJR 794	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	15 Oct 1992	AustLII	142
Nationwide News Pty Ltd v Wills	[1992] HCA 46; (1992) 177 CLR 1; (1992) 108 ALR 681; (1992) 66 ALJR 658; (1992) 44 IR 282	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	30 Sep 1992	AustLII	933
Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth	[1992] HCA 45; (1992) 177 CLR 106; 108 ALR 577; (1992) 66 ALJR 695	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1992	AustLII	1156
Mabo v Queensland (No 2)	[1992] EOC 92-443; (1992) 66 ALJR 408; (1992) 107 ALR 1; (1992) 175 CLR 1; [1992] HCA 23	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1992	AustLII	2268
Chu Kheng Lim v Minister for Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs	[1992] HCA 64; (1992) 176 CLR 1; (1993) 110 ALR 97; 67 ALJR 125	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1992	AustLII	1060
Leeth v Commonwealth	[1992] HCA 29; (1992) 174 CLR 455; 107 ALR 672; (1992) 66 ALJR 529; 61 A Crim R 85	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1992	AustLII	385
Saraswati v R	[1991] HCA 21; (1991) 172 CLR 1; (1991) 100 ALR 193; 65 ALJR 402; 54 A Crim R 183	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	5 Jun 1991	AustLII	653
New South Wales v Commonwealth	[1990] HCA 2; (1990) 169 CLR 482; (1990) 90 ALR 355; (1990) 8 ACLC 120; (1990) 64 ALJR 157; 1 ACSR 137	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1990	AustLII	153
Castlemaine Tooheys Ltd v South Australia	[1990] HCA 1; (1990) 169 CLR 436; 90 ALR 371; 64 ALJR 145	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1990	AustLII	200
Park Oh Ho v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs	[1989] HCA 54; (1989) 167 CLR 637; (1989) 88 ALR 517; [1990] ACL 6; 18 ALD 673; 64 ALJR 34	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	21 Nov 1989	AustLII	97
Street v Queensland Bar Association	[1989] HCA 53; (1989) 168 CLR 461; 88 ALR 321; (1989) 63 ALJR 715	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	16 Nov 1989	AustLII	328
Re Tracey; Ex parte Ryan	[1989] HCA 12; (1989) 166 CLR 518; (1989) 84 ALR 1; 63 ALJR 250; 16 ALD 730	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	10 Feb 1989	AustLII	199
South Australia v Tanner	[1989] HCA 3; (1989) 166 CLR 161; (1989) 83 ALR 631; (1989) 67 LGRA 84; (1989) 63 ALJR 149	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	7 Feb 1989	AustLII	238
John v FCT	[1989] HCA 5; (1989) 166 CLR 417; (1989) 83 ALR 606; (1989) 20 ATR 1; (1989) 63 ALJR 166; [1989] ACL 36017	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1989	AustLII	331
Union Steamship Co of Australia Pty Ltd v King	[1988] HCA 55; (1988) 166 CLR 1; (1988) 82 ALR 43; (1988) 62 ALJR 645	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	26 Oct 1988	AustLII	314
Breavington v Godleman	[1988] HCA 40; (1988) 169 CLR 41; (1988) 80 ALR 362; (1988) 62 ALJR 447; (1988) 7 MVR 289; [1988] Aust Torts Reports 80-194	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	18 Aug 1988	AustLII	280
Cole v Whitfield	[1988] HCA 18; (1988) 165 CLR 360; (1988) 78 ALR 42; (1988) 62 ALJR 303; 76 CA 1954	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	2 May 1988	AustLII	372
Mabo v Queensland	[1988] HCA 69; (1988) 166 CLR 186; 83 ALR 14; 63 ALJR 84	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1988	AustLII	321
Richardson v Forestry Commission	[1988] HCA 10; 164 CLR 261; 73 ALR 589; 61 ALJR 528; 90 ILR 58	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1988	AustLII	183
State Chamber of Commerce and Industry v The Commonwealth The Second Fringe Benefits Tax Case	[1987] HCA 38; (1987) 163 CLR 329; 73 ALR 161; (1987) 19 ATR 103; 61 ALJR 459	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	2 Sep 1987	AustLII	109
Miller v TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd	[1986] HCA 60; (1986) 161 CLR 556; (1986) 67 ALR 321; (1986) 60 ALJR 698	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	21 Oct 1986	AustLII	131
Commonwealth v Evans Deakin Industries Ltd	[1986] HCA 51; (1986) 161 CLR 254; 66 ALR 412; (1986) 60 ALJR 619	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	26 Aug 1986	AustLII	99
Gerhardy v Brown	[1985] HCA 11; (1985) 159 CLR 70; (1985) 57 ALR 472; (1985) 59 ALJR 311; [1985] EOC 92-123	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	28 Feb 1985	AustLII	391
A v Hayden	[1984] HCA 67; (1984) 156 CLR 532; (1984) 56 ALR 82; 59 ALJR 6	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	6 Nov 1984	AustLII	249
R v Kearney; Ex parte Japanangka	[1984] HCA 13; (1984) 158 CLR 395; 52 ALR 31; 58 ALJR 231	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	23 Mar 1984	AustLII	66
Clunies-Ross v Commonwealth	[1984] HCA 65; (1984) 155 CLR 193; (1984) 55 ALR 609; (1984) 58 ALJR 554; (1984) 56 LGRA 184	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1984	AustLII	115
Evda Nominees Pty Ltd v Victoria	[1984] HCA 18; (1984) 154 CLR 311; 52 ALR 401; 58 ALJR 307	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1984	AustLII	53
Church of the New Faith v Commissioner of Pay-roll Tax (Vict)	[1983] HCA 40; (1983) 154 CLR 120; (1983) 49 ALR 65; (1984) 57 ALJR 785; (1983) 14 ATR 769	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	27 Oct 1983	AustLII	162
Commonwealth v Tasmania	[1983] HCA 21; (1983) 158 CLR 1; (1983) 46 ALR 625; (1983) 57 ALJR 450; 68 ILR 266	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	1 Jul 1983	AustLII	959
Sorby v The Commonwealth	[1983] HCA 10; (1983) 152 CLR 281; (1983) 46 ALR 237; (1983) 57 ALJR 248	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	18 Mar 1983	AustLII	426
Fencott v Muller	[1983] HCA 12; (1983) 152 CLR 570; (1983) 46 ALR 41; (1983) 57 ALJR 317; [1983] ATPR 40-350; 5 TPR 171	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1983	AustLII	856
Koowarta v Bjelke-Petersen	[1982] HCA 27; (1982) 153 CLR 168; (1982) 39 ALR 417; (1982) 56 ALJR 625	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	11 May 1982	AustLII	511
Bargen v State Government Insurance Office (Qld)	[1982] HCA 22; 154 CLR 318; (1982) 41 ALR 65; 56 ALJR 603	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	7 May 1982	AustLII	19
R v Toohey; Ex parte Northern Land Council	[1981] HCA 74; (1981) 151 CLR 170; 38 ALR 439; 56 ALJR 164	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	24 Dec 1981	AustLII	397
R v Hegarty; Ex parte City of Salisbury	[1981] HCA 51; (1981) 147 CLR 617; (1981) 36 ALR 275; (1981) 46 LGRA 40; (1981) 55 ALJR 651	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	18 Sep 1981	AustLII	134
Philip Morris Inc v Adam P Brown Male Fashions Pty Ltd	[1981] HCA 7; (1981) 148 CLR 457; (1981) 33 ALR 465; 55 ALJR 120; [1981] ATPR 40-197	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1981	AustLII	582
Uebergang v Australian Wheat Board	[1980] HCA 40; (1980) 145 CLR 266; (1980) 32 ALR 1; 54 ALJR 581	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	28 Oct 1980	AustLII	81
McGraw-Hinds (Aust) Pty Ltd v Smith	[1979] HCA 19; (1979) 144 CLR 633; (1979) 24 ALR 175; (1979) 53 ALJR 423	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	5 Apr 1979	AustLII	128
Coe v Commonwealth	[1979] HCA 68; (1979) 24 ALR 118; (1979) 53 ALJR 403; 39 ALT 187	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	5 Apr 1979	AustLII	231
R v Judges of the Federal Court of Australia and Adamson; Ex parte Western Australian National Football League	[1979] HCA 6; (1979) 143 CLR 190; (1979) 23 ALR 439; (1979) 53 ALJR 273	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1979	AustLII	379
Maguire v Simpson	[1977] HCA 63; (1977) 139 CLR 362; 18 ALR 469; 52 ALJR 125	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	5 Dec 1977	AustLII	156
Queensland v The Commonwealth	[1977] HCA 60; (1977) 139 CLR 585; (1977) 16 ALR 487; 52 ALJR 100	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	28 Nov 1977	AustLII	254
Buck v Bavone	[1976] HCA 24; (1976) 135 CLR 110; (1976) 9 ALR 481; (1976) 50 ALJR 648	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	14 May 1976	AustLII	584
Berwick Ltd v Gray	[1976] HCA 12; (1976) 133 CLR 603; 8 ALR 580; 6 ATR 28; 50 ALJR 505	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	30 Mar 1976	AustLII	39
Attorney-General (Cth); Ex rel McKinlay v The Commonwealth	[1975] HCA 53; (1975) 135 CLR 1; (1975) 7 ALR 593; 50 ALJR 279	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	1 Dec 1975	AustLII	196
Western Australia v The Commonwealth	[1975] HCA 46; (1975) 134 CLR 201; (1975) 7 ALR 159; 50 ALJR 68	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	17 Oct 1975	AustLII	117
Australian National Airlines Commission v The Commonwealth	[1975] HCA 33; (1975) 132 CLR 582; (1975) 6 ALR 433; (1975) 49 ALJR 338	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	29 Aug 1975	AustLII	113
John Robertson & Co Ltd v Ferguson Transformers Pty Ltd	[1973] HCA 21; (1973) 129 CLR 65	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	7 Aug 1973	AustLII	133
Victoria v The Commonwealth	[1971] HCA 16; (1971) 122 CLR 353; [1971] ALR 449; 45 ALJR 251; 2 ATR 249	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	14 May 1971	AustLII	273
Capital TV and Appliances Pty Ltd v Falconer	[1971] HCA 10; (1971) 125 CLR 591; [1971] ALR 385; 45 ALJR 186	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	8 Apr 1971	AustLII	92
Kotsis v Kotsis	[1970] HCA 61; (1970) 122 CLR 69; [1971] ALR 333; 45 ALJR 62	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	24 Dec 1970	AustLII	87
Teori Tau v The Commonwealth	[1969] HCA 62; (1969) 119 CLR 564; (1970) 44 ALJR 25	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	9 Dec 1969	AustLII	92
Suehle v The Commonwealth	[1967] HCA 13; (1967) 116 CLR 353; [1967] ALR 572; (1967) 41 ALJR 23	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	3 May 1967	AustLII	43
Spratt v Hermes	[1965] HCA 66; (1965) 114 CLR 226; [1966] ALR 597; (1965) 39 ALJR 368	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	6 Dec 1965	AustLII	195
Anderson v Eric Anderson Radio & TV Pty Ltd	[1965] HCA 61; (1965) 114 CLR 20; [1966] ALR 423; 39 ALJR 357	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	1 Dec 1965	AustLII	93
Lansell v Lansell	[1964] HCA 42; (1964) 110 CLR 353; [1965] ALR 153; (1964) 38 ALJR 99	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	30 Jul 1964	AustLII	92
Pedersen v Young	[1964] HCA 28; (1964) 110 CLR 162; [1964] ALR 798; 38 ALJR 58	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	11 May 1964	AustLII	167
Fishwick v Cleland	[1960] HCA 55; (1960) 106 CLR 186; [1961] ALR 147; (1960) 34 ALJR 190	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	10 Aug 1960	AustLII	30
R v Lydon; Ex parte Cessnock Collieries Ltd	[1960] HCA 19; (1960) 103 CLR 15; [1960] ALR 267; 33 ALJR 540	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	6 Apr 1960	AustLII	32
Namatjira v Raabe	[1959] HCA 13; (1959) 100 CLR 664; [1959] ALR 690; 33 ALJR 24	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	13 Mar 1959	AustLII	20
Pioneer Express Pty Ltd v Hotchkiss	[1958] HCA 45; (1958) 101 CLR 536; [1958] ALR 921; 32 ALJR 256	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	20 Oct 1958	AustLII	50
Lamshed v Lake	[1958] HCA 14; (1958) 99 CLR 132; [1958] ALR 388; 32 ALJR 75	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	17 Apr 1958	AustLII	127
Attorney-General (Cth) v R	[1957] HCA 12; (1957) 95 CLR 529	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1957	AustLII	233
Asiatic Steam Navigation Co Ltd v Commonwealth	[1956] HCA 82; (1956) 96 CLR 397	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	6 Jun 1956	AustLII	46
R v Kirby; Ex parte Boilermakers' Society of Australia	[1956] HCA 10; (1956) 94 CLR 254; [1956] ALR 163	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	2 Mar 1956	AustLII	724
R v Richards; Ex parte Fitzpatrick and Browne	[1955] HCA 36; (1955) 92 CLR 157; [1955] ALR 705	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	24 Jun 1955	AustLII	112
Antill Ranger & Co Pty Ltd v Commissioner for Motor Transport	[1955] HCA 25; (1955) 93 CLR 83; [1955] ALR 605	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	9 Jun 1955	AustLII	40
R v Davison	[1954] HCA 46; (1954) 90 CLR 353; [1954] ALR 877; 17 ABC 90	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	10 Sep 1954	AustLII	321
Waters v The Commonwealth	[1951] HCA 9; 82 CLR 188; [1952] ALR 9	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	19 Mar 1951	AustLII	40
Bank of New South Wales v Commonwealth	[1948] HCA 7; (1948) 76 CLR 1	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	11 Aug 1948	AustLII	755
McClintock v The Commonwealth	[1947] HCA 39; (1947) 75 CLR 1; [1947] ALR 530	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	23 Oct 1947	AustLII	60
Melbourne Corporation v Commonwealth	[1947] HCA 26; (1947) 74 CLR 31; [1947] ALR 377; (1947) 21 ALJR 188	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	13 Aug 1947	AustLII	434
Australian National Airways Pty Ltd v Commonwealth	[1945] HCA 41; (1945) 71 CLR 29; [1946] ALR 1	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	14 Dec 1945	AustLII	199
Gratwick v Johnson	[1945] HCA 7; (1945) 70 CLR 1	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	30 May 1945	AustLII	62
Polites v Commonwealth	[1945] HCA 3; (1945) 70 CLR 60; [1945] ALR 113; 12 ILR 208	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	10 Apr 1945	AustLII	208
Adelaide Co of Jehovah's Witnesses Inc v Commonwealth	[1943] HCA 12; (1943) 67 CLR 116; [1943] ALR 193	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	14 Jun 1943	AustLII	184
James v Commonwealth	[1939] HCA 9; (1939) 62 CLR 339; [1939] ALR 141	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	16 Apr 1939	AustLII	133
Werrin v The Commonwealth	[1938] HCA 3; (1938) 59 CLR 150; [1938] ALR 268; 4 ATD 441	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1938	AustLII	99
Riverina Transport Pty Ltd v Victoria	[1937] HCA 33; (1937) 57 CLR 327; [1937] ALR 374	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	28 Jul 1937	AustLII	55
Victorian Stevedoring and General Contracting Co Pty Ltd and Meakes v Dignan	[1931] HCA 34; (1931) 46 CLR 73; 38 ALR 22	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	2 Nov 1931	AustLII	613
Federal Capital Commission v Laristan Building and Investment Co Pty Ltd	[1929] HCA 36; (1929) 42 CLR 582	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	7 Nov 1929	AustLII	71
Porter v R; Ex parte Yee	[1926] HCA 9; (1926) 37 CLR 432; 32 ALR 144	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	22 Apr 1926	AustLII	96
Commonwealth v Kreglinger & Fernau Ltd	[1926] HCA 8; (1926) 37 CLR 393	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	20 Apr 1926	AustLII	89
R v Hibble; Ex parte Broken Hill Proprietary Co Ltd	[1920] HCA 83; (1920) 28 CLR 456; 27 ALR 84	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	16 Dec 1920	AustLII	48
Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd	[1920] HCA 54; (1920) 28 CLR 129; 30 FLC 91-101; 26 ALR 337	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	31 Aug 1920	AustLII	820
Waterside Workers' Federation of Australia v J W Alexander Ltd	[1918] HCA 56; (1918) 25 CLR 434; 24 ALR 341	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	27 Sep 1918	AustLII	336
R v Bernasconi	[1915] HCA 13; (1915) 19 CLR 629; 21 ALR 86	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	16 Mar 1915	AustLII	144
Buchanan v The Commonwealth	[1913] HCA 29; (1913) 16 CLR 315; [1913] ALR 251	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	9 May 1913	AustLII	54
R v Smithers; Ex parte Benson	[1912] HCA 96; (1912) 16 CLR 99; 19 ALR 209	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	17 Dec 1912	AustLII	105
Krygger v Williams	[1912] HCA 65; (1912) 15 CLR 366; 18 ALR 518	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	15 Oct 1912	AustLII	46
Commonwealth v Miller	[1910] HCA 46; (1910) 10 CLR 742; 10 ALR 424	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	12 Sep 1910	AustLII	21
Huddart, Parker & Co Pty Ltd v Moorehead	[1909] HCA 36; (1909) 8 CLR 330; 15 ALR 241; 345 ALJR 485	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	7 Jun 1909	AustLII	510
Tasmania v The Commonwealth of Australia and Victoria	[1904] HCA 11; (1904) 1 CLR 329; 10 ALR (CN) 41	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	8 Jun 1904	AustLII	87
R vers Potter et Alios	[1790] EngR 1492; 2 Ld Raym 937; 92 ER 126	King's Bench	United Kingdom	circa 1790	CommonLII	44
Dr Bonham's Case	[1572] EngR 107; 77 ER 646; (1572-1616) 8 Co Rep 113	King's Bench	United Kingdom	circa 1572	CommonLII	45
Maharaj v Attorney-General of Trinidad and Tobago (No 2)	[1978] UKPC 3; [1979] AC 385; [1978] 2 All ER 670; [1978] 2 WLR 902; (1978) 30 WIR 310	Privy Council	United Kingdom	27 Feb 1978	BAILII	203
"Section 15 of the Charter---Statute Audits and the Search for Equality"	(1985-86) 50 Saskatchewan Law Review 11	Saskatchewan Law Review	Canada	circa 1985	HeinOnline / LexisNexis	1
Switzman v Elbling	[1957] SCR 285; (1957) 7 DLR (2d) 337	Supreme Court of Canada	Canada	circa 1957		43
Winner v SMT (Eastern) Ltd	[1951] 4 DLR 529; 68 CRTC 41; [1951] SCR 887	Supreme Court of Canada	Canada	22 Oct 1951	Supreme Court of Canada	13
Clyne v East	(1967) 68 SR (NSW) 385; [1968] 2 NSWR 483	Supreme Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	circa 1967		37
Tilley v R	[1991] SASC 2910; (1991) 56 SASR 140; (1991) 53 A Crim R 180	Supreme Court of South Australia	Australia - South Australia	21 Jun 1991	AustLII	7
Blomme v Sutton	[1989] SASC 1865; (1989) 52 SASR 576; [1989] Aust Torts Reports 80-294	Supreme Court of South Australia	Australia - South Australia	31 Oct 1989	AustLII	7
Gilbertson v South Australia & Attorney-General (SA)	(1976) 15 SASR 66	Supreme Court of South Australia	Australia - South Australia	circa 1976	Legal Online / Westlaw	20
"Qualifying Immunity in Section 1983 & Bivens Actions"	(1992) 71 Texas Law Review 123	Texas Law Review	United States	circa 1992	HeinOnline / LexisNexis	1
Corporation of Presiding Bishop of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints v P Hodel	830 F2d 374; 265 USApp DC 226	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States	9 Oct 1987	WorldLII	3
Government of the Canal Zone v Scott	502 F2d 566	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	4 Oct 1974	WorldLII	20
Fine v City of New York	529 F2d 70	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	31 Dec 1975	WorldLII	34
King v New Rochelle Municipal Housing Authority Frazier	442 F2d 646	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	26 Jan 1971	WorldLII	19
United States v Montanez	371 F2d 79	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	9 Dec 1966	WorldLII	8
Beard v Robinson	563 F2d 331	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	28 Sep 1977	WorldLII	28
United States v Canel	708 F2d 894	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	23 Jun 1983	WorldLII	9
Attorney General of New York v Soto-Lopez	476 US 898; 90 L Ed 2d 899; 106 SCt 2317; 90 L Ed 899	United States Supreme Court	United States	17 Jun 1986	WorldLII	32
Malley v Briggs	475 US 335; 89 L Ed 2d 271; 106 SCt 1092	United States Supreme Court	United States	5 Mar 1986	WorldLII	799
Davis v Scherer	468 US 183; 82 L Ed 2d 139; 104 SCt 3012	United States Supreme Court	United States	16 Aug 1984	WorldLII	377
United Building & Constr Trades Council of Camden Cty v Mayor and Council of Camden	104 SCt 1020	United States Supreme Court	United States	21 Feb 1984	WorldLII	37
Northern Pipeline Construction Co v Marathon Pipe Line Co	458 US 50; 73 L Ed 2d 598; 102 SCt 2858	United States Supreme Court	United States	4 Oct 1982	WorldLII	444
Harlow v Fitzgerald	457 US 800; 50 USLW 4815; 73 L Ed 2d 396; 102 SCt 2727; 818 Moore 57; 73 L Ed 396; [1982] Rice 999	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 Jun 1982	WorldLII	3206
Jones v Helms	452 US 412; 69 L Ed 2d 118; 101 SCt 2434	United States Supreme Court	United States	15 Jun 1981	WorldLII	19
Butz v Economou	438 US 478; 57 L Ed 2d 895; 98 SCt 2894	United States Supreme Court	United States	29 Jun 1978	WorldLII	677
Memorial Hospital v Maricopa County	415 US 250; 39 L Ed 2d 306; 94 SCt 1076	United States Supreme Court	United States	26 Feb 1974	WorldLII	105
Wisconsin v Yoder	406 US 205; 32 L Ed 15; 32 L Ed 2d 15; 92 SCt 1526	United States Supreme Court	United States	15 May 1972	WorldLII	430
Chevron Oil Co v Huson	404 US 97; [1972] AMC 20; 30 L Ed 2d 296; 92 SCt 349	United States Supreme Court	United States	6 Dec 1971	WorldLII	501
Bivens v Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics	403 US 388; 29 L Ed 2d 619; 91 SCt 1999; 29 L Ed 2; 29 L Ed 619	United States Supreme Court	United States	21 Jun 1971	WorldLII	2207
Shapiro v Thompson	394 US 618; 89 SCt 1322; 22 L Ed 2d 600	United States Supreme Court	United States	21 Apr 1969	WorldLII	442
Auto Workers v Hoosier Cardinal Corporation	383 US 696; 16 L Ed 2d 192; 86 SCt 1107	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 Mar 1966	WorldLII	298
Harper v Virginia Board of Elections	383 US 663; 16 L Ed 2d 169; 86 SCt 1079	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 Mar 1966	WorldLII	224
Bolling v Sharpe	347 US 497; 98 L Ed 884; 74 SCt 693	United States Supreme Court	United States	17 May 1954	WorldLII	578
Everson v Board of Education	330 US 1; 91 L Ed 711; 67 SCt 504; 91 L Ed 2d 711	United States Supreme Court	United States	10 Mar 1947	WorldLII	296
Cantwell v Connecticut	310 US 296; 84 L Ed 2d 1213; 84 L Ed 1213; 60 SCt 900	United States Supreme Court	United States	20 May 1940	WorldLII	511
Pierce v Society of Sisters	268 US 510; 69 L Ed 1070; 45 SCt 571; 69 L Ed 2d 1070	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Jun 1925	WorldLII	403
Meyer v Nebraska	262 US 390; 67 L Ed 1042; 43 SCt 625; 67 L Ed 2d 1042	United States Supreme Court	United States	4 Jun 1923	WorldLII	438
McAllister v United States	141 US 174; 35 L Ed 693; 11 SCt 949	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 May 1891	WorldLII	35
Clinton v Englebrecht	80 US 434; 13 Wall 434; 20 L Ed 659	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Dec 1871	WorldLII	31
Crandall v Nevada	73 US 35; 18 L Ed 744; 6 Wall 35	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Dec 1867	WorldLII	117
John Deacon v Charles Oliver	55 US 610; 14 L Ed 563	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Dec 1852	WorldLII	1
American Insurance Co v Canter	26 US 511; 1828 1 Pet 511; 7 L Ed 242; 7 Curtis 685	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Jan 1828	WorldLII	127
Fdic v Meyer	510 US 471; 114 SCt 996; 127 L Ed 2d 308	United States Supreme Court	United States	circa 1999	Westlaw	206
"Bivens, Chilicky, and Constitutional Damage Claims"	75 Virginia Law Review 1117	Virginia Law Review	United States	circa 1999	LexisNexis	4
Bray v Milera	[1935] SAStRp 21; [1935] SASR 210		Australia - South Australia	17 May 1935	AustLII	4
Powell v Apollo Candle Co	(1885) 10 AC 282		United Kingdom	circa 1885	LexisNexis / Westlaw	58
De Malherbe v International Union of Elevator Constructors	449 FSupp 1335		United States	circa 1999	Westlaw	6
Reference re Public Service Employee Relations Act (Alta)	[1987] CanLII 88		Canada	circa 1987	CanLII
129 ALR 22-23	129 ALR 22-23		Australia	circa 1999	LexisNexis AU	1
Australian Capital Television	(1992) 177 CLR 104		Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1992	Legal Online / Westlaw	4
Nicholas v Western Australia	[1972] WAR 168		Australia - Western Australia	circa 1972	LexisNexis AU	66
Prete v Ontario (Attorney-General)	(1993) 86 CCC (3d) 442		Canada	circa 1993		2
New Zealand Drivers' Association v New Zealand Road Carriers	[1982] 1 NZLR 374		New Zealand	circa 1982	LexisNexis	51
Bauder v Wilson	(1988) 43 CRR 149		Canada	circa 1988		1
Meskell v CIE	[1973] IR 121			circa 1973		80
Hodge v R	(1883) 9 AC 117		United Kingdom	circa 1883	LexisNexis / Westlaw	107
Vervaeke (formerly Messina) v Smith	[1983] 1 AC 145; [1982] 2 All ER 144; [1982] 2 WLR 855		United Kingdom	circa 1983	LexisNexis / Westlaw	65
(1923) 32 CLR 200	(1923) 32 CLR 200		Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1923	Legal Online / Westlaw	67
Dill v Murphy	1 W & W (L) 342		Australia - Victoria	circa 1999		2
Andrews v Law Society of British Columbia	56 DLR (4th) 1; 2012 1 NR 255; 25 CCEL 255; 34 BCLR (2d) 273		Canada - British Columbia	circa 2012		26
Nelles v Ontario	(1989) 60 DLR (4th) 609		Canada	circa 1989		4
Bolton v Neilson	[1951] WALawRp 13; (1951) 53 WALR 48		Australia - Western Australia	14 May 1951	AustLII	3
Dunlop v Woollahra Municipal Council	[1982] AC 158; [1981] 1 All ER 1202		United Kingdom	circa 1982	LexisNexis / Westlaw	116
Tenorio v Murphy	866 FSupp 92		United States	circa 1999	Westlaw	1
Neilsen v Hempston Holdings Pty Ltd	(1986) 65 ALR 302; [1986] ATPR 40-686		Australia	circa 1986	LexisNexis AU	114
Oppenheimer v Cattermole	[1976] AC 249		United Kingdom	circa 1976	LexisNexis / Westlaw	124
Fielding v Doran	60 ALR 342; (1984) 59 ALJR 511		Australia	circa 1999	LexisNexis AU	16
R v Burah	(1878) 3 AC 889		United Kingdom	circa 1878	LexisNexis / Westlaw	102
1 NZLR 116	1 NZLR 116		New Zealand	circa 1999	LexisNexis	18
R v Humby: Ex parte Rooney	(1973) 129 CLR 231		Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1973	Legal Online / Westlaw	80
R v Gamble	[1988] CanLII 15		Canada	circa 1988	CanLII
Ibralebbe v R	[1964] AC 900; [1964] 1 All ER 251; [1964] 2 WLR 76		United Kingdom	circa 1964	LexisNexis / Westlaw	53
Williams & Humbert Ltd v W & H Trade Marks (Jersey) Ltd; Rumasa SA v Multinvest (UK) Ltd	[1986] AC 368; [1986] 1 All ER 129; [1986] 2 WLR 24		United Kingdom	circa 1986	LexisNexis / Westlaw	166
Building Construction Employees and Builders' Labourers Federation of New South Wales v Minister for Industrial Relations	(1986) 7 NSWLR 372		Australia - New South Wales	circa 1986	LexisNexis AU	166
McTiernan J; Attorney-General (Vic): Ex rel Black v Commonwealth	(1981) 146 CLR 559		Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1981	Legal Online / Westlaw	179
Commonwealth v Evans Deakin Industries Ltd	(1986) 161 CLR 255		Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1986	Legal Online / Westlaw	1
Taylor v New Zealand Poultry Board	[1984] 1 NZLR 394		New Zealand	circa 1984	LexisNexis	82
Canada); Benner v Canada (Secretary of State)	(1993) 105 DLR (4th) 121		Canada	circa 1993		1
Northern Territory v Mengel	(1995) 185 CLR 307; 129 ALR 1; [1995] Aust Torts Reports 81-335; 69 ALJR 527; 25 Queensland Law Society Journal 245; [1995] HCA 65		Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1995	Legal Online / Westlaw	436
(1991) 7 CRR (2d) 191	(1991) 7 CRR (2d) 191		Canada	circa 1991		1
Schachter v Canada	(1992) 93 DLR (4th) 1		Canada	circa 1992		6
(1991) 4 CRR (2d) D-5	(1991) 4 CRR (2d) D-5		Canada	circa 1991		1
Hillier v Leitch	[1936] SAStRp 51; [1936] SASR 490		Australia - South Australia	10 Nov 1936	AustLII	4
(1957) 95 CLR 559	(1957) 95 CLR 559		Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1957	Legal Online / Westlaw	1
Guimond v Quebec (Procureur General)	(1995) 123 DLR (4th) 236; [1995] RJQ 380		Canada - Quebec	circa 1995		2
Lord Reid; Liyanage v R	[1967] 1 AC 259		United Kingdom	circa 1967	LexisNexis / Westlaw	141
Re Alberta Legislation	[1939] AC 117; [1938] 2 DLR 81; [1938] SCR 100		United Kingdom	circa 1939	LexisNexis / Westlaw	104
Commonwealth v Dixon	93 FLR 138; 82 ALR 359; (1988) 13 NSWLR 601		Australia	circa 1986	Legal Online / Westlaw	29
Lord v Allison	(1986) 3 BCLR (2d) 300; 43 CRR 155		Canada - British Columbia	circa 1986		3
Maharaj v Attorney-General of Trinidad and Tobago (No 2)	[1979] AC 398		United Kingdom	circa 1979	LexisNexis / Westlaw	1
Riel v R	(1885) 10 AC 675		United Kingdom	circa 1885	LexisNexis / Westlaw	47

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