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Wygant v Jackson Board of Education     184

Cases Referring to this Case

Case Name	Citation(s) †	Court	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
Henry, Ersol v Milwaukee County	[2008] USCA7 507	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	20 Aug 2008	WorldLII
Dean v City of Shreveport	438 F3d 448	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	25 Jan 2006	WorldLII		4
Lomack	463 F3d 303	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	18 Sep 2006	WorldLII		1
Community Schools v Seattle School District No	426 F3d 1162	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	20 Oct 2005	WorldLII		8
Western States Paving Co Inc v Washington State Department of Transportation	407 F3d 983	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	9 May 2005	WorldLII		4
Centro Espirita Beneficiente Uniao Do Vegetal Udv-Usa v Ashcroft H C F	389 F3d 973	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	12 Nov 2004	WorldLII		13
Community Schools v Seattle School District No	377 F3d 949	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	27 Jul 2004	WorldLII		6
Petit v City of Chicago	352 F3d 1111	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	22 Jan 2004	WorldLII		6
Ball v Union Carbide Corporation	385 F3d 713	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	30 Sep 2004	WorldLII		4
Ball v Union Carbide Corporation	376 F3d 554	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	15 Jul 2004	WorldLII
Landell v H Sorrell	382 F3d 91	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	18 Aug 2004	WorldLII		3
Concrete Works of Colorado, Inc v City and County of Denver, Colorado	[2003] USSC 7862	United States Supreme Court	United States	17 Nov 2003	WorldLII
Grutter v Bollinger	539 US 306; 123 SCt 2325; 156 L Ed 2d 304; 177 Ed Law Rep 801	United States Supreme Court	United States	23 Jun 2003	WorldLII		135
Gratz v Bollinger	539 US 244; 123 SCt 2411; 156 L Ed 2d 257; 177 Ed Law Rep 851	United States Supreme Court	United States	23 Jun 2003	WorldLII		54
Concrete Works of Colorado Inc v City and County of Denver	321 F3d 950	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	10 Feb 2003	WorldLII		3
Sherbrooke Turf Inc v Minnesota Department of Transportation	345 F3d 964	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	6 Oct 2003	WorldLII		6
Quinn v City of Boston	325 F3d 18	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	27 Mar 2003	WorldLII		3
Cotter v City of Boston	323 F3d 160	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	25 Mar 2003	WorldLII		7
Clark v Putnam County Naacp	293 F3d 1261	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	10 Jun 2002	WorldLII
Grutter v Bollinger	288 F3d 732; 164 Ed Law Rep 610	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	14 May 2002	WorldLII		8
Pryor v National Collegiate Athletic Association	288 F3d 548	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	6 May 2002	WorldLII		8
Patrolmen's Benevolent Association of the City of New York v The City of New York J a	310 F3d 43	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	17 Oct 2002	WorldLII		7
United States of America, Appellee, v Lemrick Nelson, JR and Charles Price, Also Known As Bald Black Man, Defendants-Appellants	277 F3d 164	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	7 Jan 2002	WorldLII		11
Johnson v Bd of Regents	263 F3d 1234	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	27 Aug 2001	WorldLII		27
Bass v Bd of County Comm'rs	256 F3d 1095	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	9 Jul 2001	WorldLII		22
Ball v Massanari	254 F3d 817	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	15 Jun 2001	WorldLII		6
BB , Plaintiffs-Appellants, v Madison Metropolitan School District, John Burmaster, Nancy Zabel, Laura Mueller, Sue Perry, Annie Keith, Robert Weisner, Sue Berthouex, and Shelly Cosgrove, Defendants-Appellees	259 F3d 807	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	2 Aug 2001	WorldLII		4
Builders Association of Greater Chicago, Plaintiff-Appellee, v County of Cook, Defendant-Appellant, and Association of Asian Construction Enterprises, , Intervening-Defendants-Appellants	256 F3d 642	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	6 Jul 2001	WorldLII		4
Plaintiffs-Appellants, v City of Chicago, , Defendants-Appellees	249 F3d 649	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	3 May 2001	WorldLII		4
Vaughn v Lawrenceburg Power Sys	269 F3d 703	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	19 Oct 2001	WorldLII		13
Susan Doe, Mary Doe and Lisa Doe, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v Beaumont Independent School District, Defendant-Appellee	240 F3d 462	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	31 Jan 2001	WorldLII		5
Belk v Charlotte-Mecklenburg Bd of Educ	269 F3d 305	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	21 Sep 2001	WorldLII		9
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff Appellee, v SECRETARY OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT, Third-Party Defendant SHIRLEY C BROWN, in her capacity as a member of the State Board of Regents; LORA BRADLEY CHODOS, in her official capacity as a member of the State Board of Regents; THOMAS FREY, in his official capacity as a member of the State Board of Regents; WILLARD A GENRICH, In his official capacity as a member of the State Board of Regents; NORMA GLUCK; EMLYN I GRIFFITH, in her official capacity as a member of the State Board of Regents; FLOYD S LINTON, in his official capacity as a member of the State Board of Regents; VINCENT TESE; UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT; SAMUEL PIERCE; SALVADORE SCLAFINI, in his official capacity as a member of the State Board of Regents; THOMAS SOBOL; MARIO CUOMO; MARTIN C BARRELL, in his official capacity as a member of the State Board of Regents; JAMES MCCABE, SR , in his official capacity as a member of the State Board of Regents; MIMI LEVIN LIEBER, in her official capacity as a member of the State Board of Regents; YONKERS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY, Defendants Appellees, CITY OF YONKERS; Defendant Appellant Cross Appellee, YONKERS BOARD OF EDUCATION, Defendants Appellants, v YONKERS FEDERATION OF TEACHERS; Intervenor Defendant YONKERS BRANCH NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE; Intervenor Plaintiff Appellee Cross Appellant, R CARLOS CARBALLADA, in his official capacity as a member of the State Board of Regents; LOUISE P MATTEONI, in his official capacity as member of the State Board of Regents; EDWARD MEYER, in his official capacity as a member of the State Board of Regents; JORGE L BATTISTA, in his official capacity as a member of the State Board of Regents; NEW YORK; BOARD OF REGENTS OF NEW YORK; ADELAIDE L SANFORD, in her official capacity as a member of the State Board of Regents; URBAN DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION OF NEW YORK; GEORGE PATAKI, as Governor of New York; R		United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	5 Jan 2001	WorldLII
Thigpen v Bibb County, Sheriff's Dep't	223 F3d 1231	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	30 Aug 2000	WorldLII		9
Adarand Constructors, Inc v Slater	228 F3d 1147	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	25 Sep 2000	WorldLII		13
Smith v Univ of Wash Law Sch	233 F3d 1188	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	4 Dec 2000	WorldLII		20
United States v Montero-Camargo	208 F3d 1122	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	11 Apr 2000	WorldLII		25
Associated General Contractors of Ohio, Inc; Associated General Contractors of Northwest Ohio, Inc , Plaintiffs-Appellees, v Sandra A Drabik, Director, Department of Administrative Services; Reginald Wilkinson, Director of Rehabilitation and Correction, Defendants-Appellants	214 F3d 730	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	1 Jun 2000	WorldLII		10
Hopwood v Texas	236 F3d 256	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	21 Dec 2000	WorldLII		9
WHSCOTT CONSTRUCTION Co, INC Plaintiff-Appellee, v CITY OF JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI; HARVEY JOHNSON, In his official capacity as Mayor of the city of Jackson, MS; LOUIS E ARMSTRONG, In his official capacity as a present member of the Jackson City Council; MARGARET BARRETT, In her official capacity as a present member of the Jackson City Council; CHIP RENO, In his official capacity as a present member of the Jackson City Council; KENNETH STOKES, In his official capacity as a present member of the Jackson City Council; WILLIAM BROWN, In his official capacity as a member of the Jackson City Council; ROBERT WILLIAMS, In his official capacity as a present member of the Jackson City Council; BEN ALLEN, In his official capacity as a present member of the Jackson City Council, Defendants-Appellants		United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	24 Jan 2000	WorldLII
Laurie A Brewer, and Jodie Foster, individually and as parents and guardians of Jessica L Haak, a minor, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v The West Irondequoit Central School District, The Urban-Suburban Interdistrict Transfer Program, Monroe Number One Board Of Cooperative Educational Services, Theresa J Woodson, Gretchen Stephan and Marlene S Allen, in their individual and official capacities, Defendants-Appellants		United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	11 May 2000	WorldLII
"The 'best qualified' - for what? The place of affirmative action in a mission-focused New Zealand law school admissions policy"	[2000] NZYbkNZJur 5	MacKinnon, Ken	New Zealand	circa 2000	NZLII
L Shaq, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v School Board of Broward County, Florida, Frank Pettruzzielo, Defendants-Appellees	193 F3d 1285	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	28 Oct 1999	WorldLII		7
Plaintiff-Appellant, v the Regents of the University of California, and Theodore R Mitchell, Defendants-Appellees	190 F3d 1061	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	9 Sep 1999	WorldLII		8
Paul Hill, Plaintiff-Appellant, v Howard L Ross, , Defendants-Appellees	183 F3d 586	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	23 Jun 1999	WorldLII		5
Walker v City of Mesquite Tx	169 F3d 973	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	16 Mar 1999	WorldLII		10
Eisenberg v Montgomery County Pub Schs	197 F3d 123	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	19 Nov 1999	WorldLII		9
Karl C Schurr, Appellant, v Resorts International Hotel, Inc; New Jersey State Casino Control Commission; James Hurley * , Chairman of the New Jersey State Casino Control Commission	196 F3d 486	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	12 Nov 1999	WorldLII		2
Hayden v County of Nassau	180 F3d 42	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	9 Jun 1999	WorldLII		17
United States v Ovalle	136 F3d 1092	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	22 Apr 1998	WorldLII		16
Wessmann v Gittens	160 F3d 790; 130 Ed Law Rep 1009	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	19 Nov 1998	WorldLII		25
Raso v Lago	135 F3d 11	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	27 Jan 1998	WorldLII		7
Lawyer v Department of Justice	521 US 567; 138 L Ed 2d 669; 117 SCt 2186	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Jun 1997	WorldLII		9
Abrams v Johnson	521 US 74; 138 L Ed 2d 285; 117 SCt 1925	United States Supreme Court	United States	19 Jun 1997	WorldLII		28
Engineering Contractors Association of South Florida Inc v Metropolitan Dade County E S	122 F3d 895	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	8 Oct 1997	WorldLII		27
Monterey Mechanical Co v Wilson	125 F3d 702	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	3 Sep 1997	WorldLII		20
Coalition for Economic Equity v Wilson E	122 F3d 692; 66 USLW 3171	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	28 Aug 1997	WorldLII		24
Coalition for Economic Equity v Wilson E	110 F3d 1431	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	8 Apr 1997	WorldLII		9
People Who Care v Rockford Board of Education School District	111 F3d 528; 117 Ed Law Rep 473; 65 USLW 2690; 152 ALRFed 677	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	3 Jun 1997	WorldLII		21
Messer v Meno	130 F3d 130	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	11 Dec 1997	WorldLII		19
Bush v Vera	517 US 952; 135 L Ed 2d 248; 116 SCt 1941	United States Supreme Court	United States	13 Jun 1996	WorldLII		51
Crawford v E Lungren K W	96 F3d 380; 24 Media LRep 2576; 65 USLW 2204	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	11 Sep 1996	WorldLII		32
Erwin v M Daley	92 F3d 521; 68 Empl Prac Dec P 44,249	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	18 Sep 1996	WorldLII		15
Wittmer v Peters	87 F3d 916	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	2 Jul 1996	WorldLII		22
Middleton v City of Flint Michigan	92 F3d 396	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	28 Oct 1996	WorldLII		5
Police Association of New Orleans Through Its President Ronald Cannatella v City of New Orleans	100 F3d 1159	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	9 Dec 1996	WorldLII		4
Hopwood v Texas	78 F3d 932; 107 Ed Law Rep 552; 64 USLW 2591	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	4 Apr 1996	WorldLII		38
Contractors Association of Eastern Pennsylvania Inc	91 F3d 586	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	5 Sep 1996	WorldLII		12
Taxman v Board of Education of Township of Piscataway Taxman	91 F3d 1547	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	21 Aug 1996	WorldLII		13
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v Local	81 F3d 1162	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	10 Apr 1996	WorldLII		11
Cohen v Brown University	101 F3d 155; 45 Fed REvid Serv 1369; 114 Ed Law Rep 394; 65 USLW 2396	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	21 Nov 1996	WorldLII		23
Miller v Johnson	515 US 900; 132 L Ed 2d 762; 115 SCt 2475	United States Supreme Court	United States	29 Jun 1995	WorldLII		82
National Treasury Employees Union v United States Customs Service	27 F3d 623; 9 IER Cases 1117; 63 USLW 2061; 307 USApp DC 173	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	28 Oct 1994	WorldLII		2
Birmingham Reverse Discrimination Employment Litigation Bennett v Arrington	60 F3d 720	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	14 Dec 1994	WorldLII
Ensley Branch, NAACP v Seibels	31 F3d 1548; 65 Empl Prac Dec P 43,432	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	25 Aug 1994	WorldLII		29
Peightal v Metropolitan Dade County	26 F3d 1545	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	29 Jul 1994	WorldLII		16
Birmingham Reverse Discrimination Employment Litigation Bennett v Arrington	20 F3d 1525	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	4 May 1994	WorldLII		17
Concrete Works of Colorado Inc v Denver City and County of	36 F3d 1513	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	17 Oct 1994	WorldLII		23
Jeldness v B Pearce	30 F3d 1220; 93 Ed Law Rep 146; 63 USLW 2090	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	28 Jul 1994	WorldLII		10
Cameron v Seitz	38 F3d 264; 9 IER Cases 1731	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	21 Oct 1994	WorldLII		19
Aiken v City of Memphis	37 F3d 1155	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	6 Oct 1994	WorldLII		14
United States v Harvey	16 F3d 109; [1994] FED App 43P	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	5 May 1994	WorldLII		11
Hopwood v Texas	21 F3d 603; 90 Ed Law Rep 1014	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	11 May 1994	WorldLII		5
Black Fire Fighters Association of Dallas v City of Dallas Texas	19 F3d 992	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	18 Apr 1994	WorldLII		5
Pemberthy v L Beyer J Moncada	19 F3d 857; 62 USLW 2601	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	6 May 1994	WorldLII		13
Associated General Contractors of Connecticut Inc v City of New Haven B & T	41 F3d 62; 63 USLW 2353	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	23 Nov 1994	WorldLII		14
Shaw v Reno	509 US 630; 125 L Ed 2d 511; 113 SCt 2816	United States Supreme Court	United States	28 Jun 1993	WorldLII		120
United States v City of Miami	2 F3d 1497	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	17 Sep 1993	WorldLII		16
Billish v City of Chicago	989 F2d 890	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	29 Mar 1993	WorldLII		15
Brunet v City of Columbus	1 F3d 390; 62 Empl Prac Dec P 42,479	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	4 Oct 1993	WorldLII		12
Detroit Police Officers Association v A Young G	989 F2d 225	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	24 Mar 1993	WorldLII		2
Hayes v North State Law Enforcement Officers Ass'n	10 F3d 207	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	27 Oct 1993	WorldLII		20
Maryland Troopers Association Incorporated Tfc v M Evans	993 F2d 1072	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	6 May 1993	WorldLII		9
Contractors Association of Eastern Pennsylvania Inc	6 F3d 990; 62 Empl Prac Dec P 42,579	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	7 Oct 1993	WorldLII		16
Crumpton v Bridgeport Education Association	993 F2d 1023	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	17 May 1993	WorldLII		5
O'Donnell Construction Co v District of Columbia	963 F2d 420; 60 USLW 2709; 295 USApp DC 317; 58 Empl Prac Dec P 41,466	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	10 May 1992	WorldLII		12
Officers for Justice v Civil Serv Comm'n	979 F2d 721	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	5 Nov 1992	WorldLII		66
Billish v City of Chicago T Chicago Fire Fighters Union Local	962 F2d 1269	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	8 Jul 1992	WorldLII		1
People Who Care v Rockford Board of Education	961 F2d 1335	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	22 Apr 1992	WorldLII		13
United Black Firefighters Ass'n v City of Akron	976 F2d 999	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	29 Dec 1992	WorldLII		7
Jansen IV v City of Cincinnati	977 F2d 238	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	29 Dec 1992	WorldLII		5
Vogel v City of Cincinnati	959 F2d 594	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	13 Mar 1992	WorldLII		48
United States v Taylor	956 F2d 572	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	10 Feb 1992	WorldLII		35
Podberesky v E Kirwan Naacp	60 USLW 2506	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	31 Jan 1992	WorldLII		7
Podberesky v E Kirwan Naacp	60 USLW 2506	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	31 Jan 1992	WorldLII		7
Mackin v City of Boston	969 F2d 1273	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	6 Jul 1992	WorldLII		23
Simon & Schuster, Inc v Members of N Y State Crime Victims Bd	502 US 105; 116 L Ed 2d 476; 112 SCt 501	United States Supreme Court	United States	10 Dec 1991	WorldLII		93
Roque-Rodriguez v Lema Moya	920 F2d 752; 65 Ed Law Rep 1082; 18 Fed RServ3d 1279; 55 Empl Prac Dec P 40,564	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	7 Jan 1991	WorldLII		10
Associated General Contractors of California Inc v Coalition for Economic Equity	[1991] USCA9 1506	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	6 Dec 1991	WorldLII
Coral Constr Co v King County	941 F2d 910; 57 Empl Prac Dec P 41,056	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	8 Aug 1991	WorldLII		44
Donaghy v City of Omaha a Pj	933 F2d 1448; 59 USLW 2733; 56 Empl Prac Dec P 40,792; 55 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1547	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	7 Aug 1991	WorldLII		18
Conlin v J Blanchard	[1991] USCA6 2037	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	31 Oct 1991	WorldLII
Newark Branch National Association for the Advancement of Colored People	940 F2d 792; 57 Empl Prac Dec P 40,908; 69 Ed Law Rep 214; 60 USLW 2096; 56 Fair Empl Prac Cas 680	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	19 Jul 1991	WorldLII		13
Stuart v Roache	951 F2d 446	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	23 Dec 1991	WorldLII		19
Morgan v R Burke	926 F2d 86; 65 Ed Law Rep 1075	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	21 Feb 1991	WorldLII		3
Rutan v Republican Party of Illinois	497 US 62; 111 L Ed 2d 52; 110 SCt 2729	United States Supreme Court	United States	30 Aug 1990	WorldLII		234
Metro Broadcasting, Inc v FCC	497 US 547; 111 L Ed 2d 445; 110 SCt 2997	United States Supreme Court	United States	27 Jun 1990	WorldLII		83
Cone Corporation Jw v Hillsborough County J	[1990] USCA11 1129	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	13 Aug 1990	WorldLII
Cunico v Pueblo School District	917 F2d 431; 63 Ed Law Rep 713; 54 Empl Prac Dec P 40,335; 54 Fair Empl Prac Cas 88	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	19 Oct 1990	WorldLII		23
Auriemma v Rice	910 F2d 1449; 59 USLW 2160; 54 Empl Prac Dec P 40,154; 53 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1276	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	20 Aug 1990	WorldLII		41
Kuemmerlein v Board of Education of Madison Metropolitan School District a E a Johnson	894 F2d 257; 58 Ed Law Rep 465; 52 Empl Prac Dec P 39,618; 52 Fair Empl Prac Cas 123	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	30 Jan 1990	WorldLII		11
Long v City of Saginaw 129	911 F2d 1192; 116 Lab Cas 10,367; 54 Empl Prac Dec P 40,153; 53 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1025	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	14 Aug 1990	WorldLII		10
Naacp Detroit Branch v Detroit Police Officers Association a	900 F2d 903; 53 Empl Prac Dec P 39,797; 52 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1001	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	18 Jun 1990	WorldLII		6
Ward v Rock Against Racism	491 US 781; 105 L Ed 2d 661; 109 SCt 2746	United States Supreme Court	United States	30 Aug 1989	WorldLII		387
Martin v Wilks	490 US 755; 104 L Ed 2d 835; 109 SCt 2180	United States Supreme Court	United States	11 Aug 1989	WorldLII		111
City of Richmond v JA Croson Co	488 US 469; 102 L Ed 2d 854; 109 SCt 706	United States Supreme Court	United States	23 Jan 1989	WorldLII		251
Harmon v Thornburgh	878 F2d 484; 58 USLW 2039; 278 USApp DC 382	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	1 Sep 1989	WorldLII		30
Shurberg Broadcasting of Hartford, Inc v FCC	876 F2d 902; 278 USApp DC 24; 57 USLW 2571	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	16 Jun 1989	WorldLII		8
Winter Park Communications Inc v Federal Communications Commission	[1989] USCADC 152	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States	21 Apr 1989	WorldLII
Pitts v Thornburgh	866 F2d 1450; 275 USApp DC 332	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	31 Jan 1989	WorldLII		15
Howard v L McLucas American Federation of Government Employees	871 F2d 1000; 50 Empl Prac Dec P 38,970; 56 Fair Empl Prac Cas 387	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	2 Jun 1989	WorldLII		15
Davis v City and County of San Francisco	890 F2d 1438; 15 Fed RServ3d 782; 52 Empl Prac Dec P 39,498; 51 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1542	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	4 Dec 1989	WorldLII		26
Shields v Burge	874 F2d 1201	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	15 May 1989	WorldLII		14
Rutan v Republican Party of Illinois	868 F2d 943; 13 Fed RServ3d 175; 57 USLW 2518	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	16 Feb 1989	WorldLII		29
Messer v Curci W	881 F2d 219; 58 USLW 2093	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	25 Jul 1989	WorldLII		7
Jones v Truck Drivers Local Union No	838 F2d 856; 45 Empl Prac Dec P 37,778; 45 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1721	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	21 Mar 1989	WorldLII		8
United Fence Guard Rail Corporation v M Cuomo E M L	878 F2d 588	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	26 Jun 1989	WorldLII		7
Watson v Fort Worth Bank & Trust	487 US 977; 101 L Ed 2d 827; 108 SCt 2777	United States Supreme Court	United States	29 Jun 1988	WorldLII		209
Boos v Barry	485 US 312; 99 L Ed 2d 333; 108 SCt 1157	United States Supreme Court	United States	22 Mar 1988	WorldLII		158
Curse v Director Office of Workers' Compensation Programs United States Department of Labor	843 F2d 456	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	26 Apr 1988	WorldLII		3
Little Rock School District v R	839 F2d 1296; 44 Ed Law Rep 1081	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	24 Mar 1988	WorldLII		12
Jaimes v Lucas Metropolitan Housing Authority B Hud	833 F2d 1203	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	3 Feb 1988	WorldLII		2
Barhold Afl-Cio v J Rodriguez F P	863 F2d 233; 57 USLW 2418; 48 Empl Prac Dec P 38,514; 48 Fair Empl Prac Cas 786	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	8 Dec 1988	WorldLII		11
International Union United Mine Workers of America v Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission	840 F2d 77; 268 USApp DC 197; 56 USLW 2504	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	1 Mar 1988	WorldLII		6
International Union United Mine Workers of America v Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission	840 F2d 77; 268 USApp DC 197; 56 USLW 2504	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	1 Mar 1988	WorldLII		6
Johnson v Transportation Agency	480 US 616; 94 L Ed 2d 615; 107 SCt 1442	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Mar 1987	WorldLII		117
United States v Paradise	480 US 149; 94 L Ed 2d 203; 107 SCt 1053	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Feb 1987	WorldLII		102
United States Court of Appeals District of Columbia Circuit	833 F2d 367; 266 USApp DC 117; 45 Empl Prac Dec P 37,774	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	20 Nov 1987	WorldLII		2
Ledoux v District of Columbia J Greene	820 F2d 1293; 261 USApp DC 114; 43 Empl Prac Dec P 37,140; 43 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1880	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	16 Jun 1987	WorldLII		2
Hammon v S Barry Dc Byrne	813 F2d 412; 259 USApp DC 50; 42 Empl Prac Dec P 36,804; 43 Fair Empl Prac Cas 89; 55 USLW 2473	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	27 Feb 1987	WorldLII		5
Hk Porter Co Inc v Metropolitan Dade County	825 F2d 324; 44 Empl Prac Dec P 37,363	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	24 Aug 1987	WorldLII		4
Michigan Road Builders Association Inc v G Milliken	832 F2d 1150; 56 USLW 2315; 46 Empl Prac Dec P 37,874	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	23 Feb 1988	WorldLII		2
Shimkus v Gersten Companies	816 F2d 1318; 7 Fed RServ3d 767	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	6 May 1987	WorldLII		4
Associated General Contractors of California Inc v City and County of San Francisco	813 F2d 922; 55 USLW 2547; 42 Empl Prac Dec P 36,894	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	23 Mar 1987	WorldLII		15
Jenkins v Missouri	807 F2d 657; 36 Ed Law Rep 569	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	5 Feb 1987	WorldLII		32
McQuillen v Wisconsin Education Association Council E	830 F2d 659; 44 Empl Prac Dec P 37,470; 42 Ed Law Rep 76; 44 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1566; 56 USLW 2219	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	16 Oct 1987	WorldLII		11
Britton v South Bend Community School Corporation	819 F2d 766; 39 Ed Law Rep 1025; 55 USLW 2659; 43 Empl Prac Dec P 37,104; 43 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1483	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	18 May 1987	WorldLII		7
Ja Croson Co v City of Richmond Ja Croson Co	822 F2d 1355; 56 USLW 2050; 43 Empl Prac Dec P 37,215	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	18 Sep 1987	WorldLII		6
Sheet Metal Workers v EEOC	478 US 421; 92 L Ed 2d 344; 106 SCt 3019; [1986] Yates Sel Cas 355	United States Supreme Court	United States - New York	2 Jul 1986	WorldLII		76
Int'l Ass'n of Firefighters v City of Cleveland	478 US 501; 92 L Ed 2d 405; 106 SCt 3063	United States Supreme Court	United States	2 Jul 1986	WorldLII		137
Finzer v S Barry	798 F2d 1450; 55 USLW 2128; 255 USApp DC 19	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	9 Sep 1986	WorldLII		8
Samayoa Samayoa v Chicago Board of Education	807 F2d 643; 38 Ed Law Rep 36	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	10 Dec 1986	WorldLII		1
Youngblood v W Dalzell	804 F2d 360; 55 USLW 2292; 41 Empl Prac Dec P 36,668; 42 Fair Empl Prac Cas 415	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	7 Nov 1986	WorldLII		3
Long v City of Saginaw	[1986] USCA6 1755	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	20 Oct 1986	WorldLII
Edinger and Son Inc v City of Louisville Kentucky	802 F2d 213; 55 USLW 2221	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	1 Oct 1986	WorldLII		4
Berry v School District of City of Benton Harbor	801 F2d 872; 35 Ed Law Rep 63; 42 Empl Prac Dec P 36,772; 41 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1510	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	29 Sep 1986	WorldLII
Galas v McKee	801 F2d 200	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	11 Sep 1986	WorldLII		21
Lilly v City of Beckley West Virginia	797 F2d 191; 41 Empl Prac Dec P 36,462; 41 Fair Empl Prac Cas 772; 55 USLW 2121	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	7 Aug 1986	WorldLII		2
Horn v Kean	796 F2d 668; 55 USLW 2077	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	16 Jul 1986	WorldLII		22
Latinos Unidos De Chelsea En Accion v Secretary of Housing and Urban Development	799 F2d 774; 55 USLW 2111; 41 Empl Prac Dec P 36,628; 41 Fair Empl Prac Cas 838	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	12 Aug 1986	WorldLII		12

Law Journal Articles Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title	Citation(s) †	Author	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
"One Law for All: Reconciling Indigenous Rights and the Right to Equality Before the Law"	(2016) 22 Auckland University Law Review 42	Post, Savannah	New Zealand	circa 2016	NZLII		1
"Political culture and the rule of law: comparing the United States and New Zealand"	(2012) 12 Otago Law Review 663	Wendel, W Bradley	New Zealand	circa 2012	NZLII
Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act - Iraqi Sovereign Immunity	(2009) 123 Harvard Law Review 292	Harvard Law Review	United States	1 Jan 2009	WorldLII
Civil Rights Act, Title VII - Compliance Efforts	(2009) 123 Harvard Law Review 282	Harvard Law Review	United States	1 Jan 2009	WorldLII
Seattle and Louisville School Cases: There is No Other Way	(2007) 121 Harvard Law Review 158	J Harvie Wilkinson III	United States	1 Jan 2007	WorldLII		1
Civil Rights, Antitrust, and Early Decision Programs	(2006) 115 Yale Law Journal 880	Afram, Ruby Z	United States	1 Jan 2006	WorldLII
< i > Grutter < /i > at Work: A Title VII Critique of Constitutional Affirmative Action	(2006) 115 Yale Law Journal 1408	Bulman-Pozen, Jessica	United States	1 Jan 2006	WorldLII
"Kerr Principle, State Action, and Legal Rights, The"	(2006) 105 Michigan Law Review 1	Herzog, Don	United States	1 Jan 2006	WorldLII
A Tribute to Justice Sandra Day O'Connor	(2006) 119 Harvard Law Review 1239	Joyce, Craig	United States	1 Jan 2006	WorldLII
Race as Mission Critical: The Occupational Need Rationale in Military Affirmative Action and Beyond	(2004) 113 Yale Law Journal 1093	Leach, Bryan W	United States	1 Jan 2004	WorldLII		1
Minorities, Shareholder and Otherwise	(2003) 113 Yale Law Journal 119	Chander, Anupam	United States	1 Jan 2003	WorldLII		1
Framing Transactions in Constitutional Law	(2002) 111 Yale Law Journal 1311	Levinson, Daryl J	United States	1 Jan 2002	WorldLII		2
Kabuki Mask of < I > Bush v Gore < /I &gt	(2001) 111 Yale Law Journal 223	Levin, Nick	United States	1 Jan 2001	WorldLII
"The 'best qualified' - for what? The place of affirmative action in a mission-focused New Zealand law school admissions policy"	[2000] NZYbkNZJur 5	MacKinnon, Ken	New Zealand	circa 2000	NZLII
"Justifying Affirmative Action"	(1993) 7 (2) Auckland University Law Review 491	Love, Buchan T A	New Zealand	circa 1993	NZLII

Legislation Cited

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name	Citation(s) †	Court	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
Horn v Kean	796 F2d 668; 55 USLW 2077	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	16 Jul 1986	WorldLII		22
Latinos Unidos De Chelsea En Accion v Secretary of Housing and Urban Development	799 F2d 774; 55 USLW 2111; 41 Empl Prac Dec P 36,628; 41 Fair Empl Prac Cas 838	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	12 Aug 1986	WorldLII		12
City of Cleburne v Cleburne Living Center	473 US 432; 87 L Ed 2d 313; 105 SCt 3249	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Jul 1985	WorldLII		577
Marek v Chesny	473 US 1; 87 L Ed 2d 1; 105 SCt 3012	United States Supreme Court	United States	27 Jun 1985	WorldLII		145
Firefighters v Stotts	467 US 561; 81 L Ed 2d 483; 104 SCt 2576	United States Supreme Court	United States	12 Jun 1984	WorldLII		135
Palmore v Sidoti	466 US 429; 80 L Ed 2d 421; 104 SCt 1879	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Apr 1984	WorldLII		99
Wygant v Jackson Board of Education Jackson Michigan F	746 F2d 1152; 20 Ed Law Rep 1124; 53 USLW 2236; 35 Empl Prac Dec P 34,729; 36 Fair Empl Prac Cas 153	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	25 Oct 1984	WorldLII		14
Mississippi University for Women v Hogan	458 US 718; 73 L Ed 2d 1090; 102 SCt 3331; 102 SCt 331	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Jul 1982	WorldLII		146
Board of Education v Pico	457 US 853; 73 L Ed 2d 435; 102 SCt 2799; 4 Ed Law Rep 1013	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Jun 1982	WorldLII		90
American Tobacco Co v Patterson	456 US 63; 71 L Ed 2d 748; 102 SCt 1534	United States Supreme Court	United States	5 Apr 1982	WorldLII		197
Fullilove v Klutznick	448 US 448; 65 L Ed 2d 902; 100 SCt 2758	United States Supreme Court	United States	2 Jul 1980	WorldLII		228
California Brewers Assn v Bryant	444 US 598; 63 L Ed 2d 55; 100 SCt 814	United States Supreme Court	United States	14 Apr 1980	WorldLII		29
Rose v Mitchell	443 US 545; 61 L Ed 2d 739; 99 SCt 2993	United States Supreme Court	United States	2 Jul 1979	WorldLII		123
United Steelworkers of America v Weber	443 US 193; 61 L Ed 2d 480; 99 SCt 2721	United States Supreme Court	United States	27 Jun 1979	WorldLII		227
Ambach v Norwick	441 US 68; 60 L Ed 2d 49; 99 SCt 1589	United States Supreme Court	United States	17 Apr 1979	WorldLII		51
Regents of the University of California v Bakke	438 US 265; 57 L Ed 2d 750; 98 SCt 2733	United States Supreme Court	United States	28 Jun 1978	WorldLII		385
Hazelwood School District v United States	433 US 299; 53 L Ed 2d 768; 97 SCt 2736; 15 FEP Cases 1	United States Supreme Court	United States	27 Jun 1977	WorldLII		284
Abood v Detroit Board of Education	431 US 209; 52 L Ed 2d 261; 97 SCt 1782	United States Supreme Court	United States	27 Jun 1977	WorldLII		196
International Brotherhood of Teamsters v United States	431 US 324; 52 L Ed 2d 396; 97 SCt 1843; [1977] Dillon 746	United States Supreme Court	United States	31 May 1977	WorldLII		1034
United Jewish Organizations v Carey	430 US 144; 51 L Ed 2d 229; 97 SCt 996; 51 L Ed 229	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Mar 1977	WorldLII		74
Mathews v Lucas	427 US 495; 49 L Ed 2d 651; 96 SCt 2755	United States Supreme Court	United States	29 Jun 1976	WorldLII		125
Franks v Bowman Transportation Co	424 US 747; 44 USLW 4356; 47 L Ed 2d 444; 96 SCt 1251; 47 L Ed 444	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 Mar 1976	WorldLII		422
United States v Hazelwood School District	534 F2d 805; 11 Empl Prac Dec P 10,854; 12 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1161	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	25 May 1976	WorldLII		10
Albemarle Paper Co v Moody	422 US 405; 45 L Ed 2d 280; 95 SCt 2362; (1975) 43 USLW 4880	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Jun 1975	WorldLII		837
"Judicial Scrutiny of 'Benign' Racial Preference in Law School Admissions"	(1975) 75 Columbia Law Review 559	Columbia Law Review	United States	circa 1975	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		5
DeFunis v Odegaard	416 US 312; 40 L Ed 2d 164; 94 SCt 1704	United States Supreme Court	United States	23 Apr 1974	WorldLII		313
Alexander v Gardner-Denver Co	415 US 36; 39 L Ed 2d 147; 94 SCt 1011; 39 L Ed 147	United States Supreme Court	United States	19 Feb 1974	WorldLII		625
San Antonio Independent School District v Rodriguez	411 US 1; 36 L Ed 2d 16; 93 SCt 1278; (1973) 41 USLW 4407	United States Supreme Court	United States	23 Apr 1973	WorldLII		482
Graham v Richardson	403 US 365; 29 L Ed 2d 534; 91 SCt 1848; 29 L Ed 534	United States Supreme Court	United States	14 Jun 1971	WorldLII		217
Swann v Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education	402 US 1; 28 L Ed 2d 554; 91 SCt 1267; 28 L Ed 554; 15-16 Green 391	United States Supreme Court	United States - New Jersey	7 Jun 1971	WorldLII		587
North Carolina State Board of Education v Swann	402 US 43; 28 L Ed 2d 586; 91 SCt 1284	United States Supreme Court	United States	20 Apr 1971	WorldLII		72
McDaniel v Barresi	402 US 39; 28 L Ed 2d 582; 91 SCt 1287	United States Supreme Court	United States	20 Apr 1971	WorldLII		38
Green v County School Board	391 US 430; 20 L Ed 2d 716; 88 SCt 1689	United States Supreme Court	United States	27 May 1968	WorldLII		423
Loving v Virginia	388 US 1; 18 L Ed 2d 1010; 87 SCt 1817; 18 L Ed 1010	United States Supreme Court	United States	12 Jun 1967	WorldLII		308
McLaughlin v Florida	379 US 184; 13 L Ed 2d 222; 85 SCt 283	United States Supreme Court	United States	7 Dec 1964	WorldLII		165
Turner v City of Memphis	369 US 350; 7 L Ed 2d 762; 82 SCt 805	United States Supreme Court	United States	26 Mar 1962	WorldLII		64
Burton v Wilmington Parking Authority	365 US 715; 6 L Ed 2d 45; 81 SCt 856	United States Supreme Court	United States	17 Apr 1961	WorldLII		409
Brown v Board of Education	349 US 294; 99 L Ed 1083; 75 SCt 753	United States Supreme Court	United States	31 May 1955	WorldLII		453
Brown v Board of Education	347 US 483; 38 ALR 2d 1180; 98 L Ed 2d 873; [1954] Idaho 349; 98 L Ed 873; 74 SCt 686	United States Supreme Court	United States	17 May 1954	WorldLII		1034
Ford Motor Co v Huffman	345 US 330; 97 L Ed 2d 1048; 97 L Ed 1048; 73 SCt 681	United States Supreme Court	United States	6 Apr 1953	WorldLII		330
Aeronautical Indus Dist Lodge v Campbell	337 US 521; 69 SCt 1287; 93 L Ed 1513; 69 SCt 1290	United States Supreme Court	United States	20 Jun 1949	WorldLII		63
Shelley v Kraemer	334 US 1; 68 SCt 836; 3 ALR 2d 441; 92 L Ed 1161	United States Supreme Court	United States	3 May 1948	WorldLII		381
Steele v Louisville & NR Co	323 US 192; 89 L Ed 173; 65 SCt 226	United States Supreme Court	United States	18 Dec 1944	WorldLII		470
Hirabayashi v United States	320 US 81; 87 L Ed 2d 1774; 87 L Ed 1774; 63 SCt 1375	United States Supreme Court	United States	21 Jun 1943	WorldLII		435
United States v Carolene Products Co	304 US 144; 82 L Ed 1234; 58 SCt 778	United States Supreme Court	United States	25 Apr 1938	WorldLII		318
Buchanan v Warley	245 US 60; 62 L Ed 149; 38 SCt 16	United States Supreme Court	United States	11 Apr 1916	WorldLII		105
Strauder v West Virginia	100 US 303; 10 Ot 303; 25 L Ed 2d 664; 25 L Ed 664	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Oct 1879	WorldLII		280
Wygant v Jackson Board of Education	546 FSupp 1195		United States	circa 1986	Westlaw		5
cert denied	478 US 1014; 106 SCt 3320; 92 L Ed 2d 727	United States Supreme Court	United States	circa 1986	Westlaw		6
cert denied	471 US 1014; 105 SCt 2016; 85 L Ed 2d 299	United States Supreme Court	United States	circa 1986	Westlaw		40
United States v Hazelwood School District	392 FSupp 1276		United States	circa 1986	Westlaw		4
"The Supreme Court 1971 Term -- Foreword: In Search of Evolving Doctrine on a Changing Court: A Model for a Newer Equal Protection"	86 Harvard Law Review 1	Harvard Law Review	United States	circa 1971	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		83
DeFunis v Odegaard	82 Wash2d 11; 507 P2d 1169		United States - Washington	circa 1986			8
"The Constitutionality of Reverse Racial Discrimination"	41 University of Chicago Law Review 723	University of Chicago Law Review	United States	circa 1986	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		21