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Smith v Robinson   flag  198

468 US 992; [1984] SEC 2; 82 L Ed 2d 746; 104 SCt 3457; 18 Ed Law Rep 148
United States Supreme Court
United States
5th July, 1984

Cases Referring to this Case

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date Full Text Citation Index † 
Patterson v McLean Credit Union 491 US 164; 105 L Ed 2d 132; 109 SCt 2363 United States Supreme Court United States 15 Jun 1989 WorldLII flag 518
Honig v Doe 484 US 305; 98 L Ed 2d 686; 108 SCt 592 United States Supreme Court United States 20 Jan 1988 WorldLII flag 286
Wilder v Virginia Hosp Ass'n 496 US 498; 110 L Ed 2d 455; 110 SCt 2510; [1990] Wright 479 United States Supreme Court United States - Tennessee 14 Jun 1990 WorldLII flag 180
Alexander v Choate 469 US 287; 83 L Ed 2d 661; 105 SCt 712 United States Supreme Court United States 9 Jan 1985 WorldLII flag 170
West Virginia University Hospitals, Inc v Casey 499 US 83; 113 L Ed 2d 68; 111 SCt 1138 United States Supreme Court United States 19 Mar 1991 WorldLII flag 164
Wright v Roanoke Redevelopment and Housing Authority 479 US 418; 93 L Ed 2d 781; 107 SCt 766 United States Supreme Court United States 14 Jan 1987 WorldLII flag 135
Plaut v Spendthrift Farm, Inc 514 US 211; 131 L Ed 2d 328; 115 SCt 1447 United States Supreme Court United States 18 Apr 1995 WorldLII flag 127
Golden State Transit Corporation v City of Los Angeles 493 US 103; 107 L Ed 2d 420; 110 SCt 444 United States Supreme Court United States 5 Dec 1989 WorldLII flag 125
Blessing v Freestone 520 US 329; 137 L Ed 2d 569; 117 SCt 1353 United States Supreme Court United States 21 Apr 1997 WorldLII flag 113
Suter v Artist M 503 US 347; 118 L Ed 2d 1; 112 SCt 1360 United States Supreme Court United States 25 Mar 1992 WorldLII flag 111
Dellmuth v Muth 491 US 223; 105 L Ed 2d 181; 109 SCt 2397 United States Supreme Court United States 15 Jun 1989 WorldLII flag 101
Gonzaga University v Doe 536 US 273; 122 SCt 2268; 153 L Ed 2d 309; 165 Ed Law Rep 458 United States Supreme Court United States 20 Jun 2002 WorldLII flag 83
Webb v Dyer County Board of Education 471 US 234; 53 USLW 4473; 85 L Ed 2d 233; 105 SCt 1923 United States Supreme Court United States 17 Apr 1985 WorldLII flag 56
Parks v Pavkovic 753 F2d 1397; 22 Ed Law Rep 1128; 1 Fed RServ3d 146 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 13 Feb 1985 WorldLII flag 54
Shimman v International Union of Operating Engineers Local 744 F2d 1226; 101 Lab Cas 11,207; 53 USLW 2197 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 1 Oct 1984 WorldLII flag 54
WB v Matula 67 F3d 484; 104 Ed Law Rep 28 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 17 Oct 1995 WorldLII flag 44
Smith v Barton 914 F2d 1330; 59 USLW 2205; 54 Empl Prac Dec P 40,264; 53 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1552 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 19 Sep 1990 WorldLII flag 40
Bowen v American Hospital Assn 476 US 610; 90 L Ed 2d 584; 106 SCt 2101 United States Supreme Court United States 9 Jun 1986 WorldLII flag 39
Keller v Prince George's County 827 F2d 952; 56 USLW 2138; 44 Empl Prac Dec P 37,329; 44 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1065 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 26 Aug 1987 WorldLII flag 37
Irving Independent School District v Tatro 468 US 883; 82 L Ed 2d 664; 104 SCt 3371 United States Supreme Court United States 5 Jul 1984 WorldLII flag 37
Mrs W v Tirozzi 832 F2d 748; 42 Ed Law Rep 727 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 4 Nov 1987 WorldLII flag 36
Doe v Maher 793 F2d 1470; 33 Ed Law Rep 124 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 11 Jul 1986 WorldLII flag 35
McGuinness v United States Postal Service J Aa 744 F2d 1318; 35 Empl Prac Dec P 34,706; 35 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1762 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 5 Oct 1984 WorldLII flag 35
Georgia State Conference of Branches of NAACP v Georgia 775 F2d 1403; 28 Ed Law Rep 339 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 29 Oct 1985 WorldLII flag 33
Wheeler Wheeler v Towanda Area School District 950 F2d 128; 71 Ed Law Rep 621 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 3 Jan 1992 WorldLII flag 32
Garrity v Sununu 752 F2d 727; 40 Fed RServ2d 1025 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 27 Dec 1984 WorldLII flag 32
Lillard v Shelby County Board of Education 76 F3d 716; 107 Ed Law Rep 49; 64 USLW 2539 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 21 Feb 1996 WorldLII flag 31
Arkansas Med Soc'y, Inc v Reynolds 6 F3d 519 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 10 Sep 1993 WorldLII flag 31
Urban Urban v Jefferson County School District R-1 89 F3d 720; 110 Ed Law Rep 1069 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 16 Jul 1996 WorldLII flag 29
Pfeiffer Pfeiffer v Marion Center Area School District Board of School Directors for Marion Center Area School District L 917 F2d 779; 31 Fed REvid Serv 675; 63 Ed Law Rep 727; 59 USLW 2294 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 20 Dec 1990 WorldLII flag 29
Popham v City of Kennesaw 820 F2d 1570 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 15 Jul 1987 WorldLII flag 29
Alexander v Chicago Park District 773 F2d 850; 38 Empl Prac Dec P 35,604; 38 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1685 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 13 Nov 1985 WorldLII flag 29
Smith v United States Postal Service 742 F2d 257; 35 Empl Prac Dec P 34,638; 35 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1304 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 10 Sep 1984 WorldLII flag 27
City of Rancho Palos Verdes v Abrams 544 US 113; 125 SCt 1453; 161 L Ed 2d 316 United States Supreme Court United States 22 Mar 2005 WorldLII flag 25
Board of Education of East Windsor Regional School District 85-5717 v Diamond 85-5745/46 808 F2d 987; 36 Ed Law Rep 1136 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 19 Dec 1986 WorldLII flag 25
Entertainment Research Group Inc v Genesis Creative Group Inc 122 F3d 1211; 43 USPQ2d 1705 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 18 Aug 1997 WorldLII flag 23
Lester Octavia v K Gilhool Chester Upland School District 916 F2d 865; 63 Ed Law Rep 458 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 24 Oct 1990 WorldLII flag 23
Alfredo Devargas v Mason & Hanger-Silas Mason Co , Inc 911 F2d 1377; 62 Ed Law Rep 495; 59 USLW 2123; 54 Empl Prac Dec P 40,155; 53 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1241 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 9 Aug 1990 WorldLII flag 23
Burke County Bd of Educ v Denton 895 F2d 973; 58 Ed Law Rep 918 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 9 Feb 1990 WorldLII flag 23
Houston v Reich 932 F2d 883 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 7 May 1991 WorldLII flag 22
Manecke v School Board of Pinellas County Florida 54 USLW 2007 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 11 Jun 1985 WorldLII flag 22
Manecke v School Board of Pinellas County Florida 54 USLW 2007 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 11 Jun 1985 WorldLII flag 22
Sellers Sellers v The School Board of the City of Manassas Virginia E 141 F3d 524; 125 Ed Law Rep 1078 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 13 Apr 1998 WorldLII flag 21
Hoeft v Tucson Unified Sch Dist 967 F2d 1298; 76 Ed Law Rep 47 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 17 Jun 1992 WorldLII flag 21
West Virginia University Hospitals Inc v Casey S 885 F2d 11; 56 Ed Law Rep 54; 14 Fed RServ3d 1480 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 5 Oct 1989 WorldLII flag 21
Hibma v Odegaard 769 F2d 1147 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 30 Jul 1985 WorldLII flag 21
Marie O v Edgar 131 F3d 610; 122 Ed Law Rep 943 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 2 Dec 1997 WorldLII flag 20
Jefferson County Board of Education v Breen 853 F2d 853; 48 Ed Law Rep 382 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 29 Aug 1988 WorldLII flag 20
Doe Fein v District of Columbia 93 F3d 861; 65 USLW 2149; 320 USApp DC 198 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 27 Aug 1996 WorldLII flag 19
Miener Miener v Missouri 800 F2d 749; 34 Ed Law Rep 1014 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 4 Sep 1986 WorldLII flag 19
Rose v Nebraska Rose 53 USLW 2303 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 26 Nov 1984 WorldLII flag 19
Rose v Nebraska Rose 53 USLW 2303 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 26 Nov 1984 WorldLII flag 19
31 Foster Children v Bush 329 F3d 1255 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 8 May 2003 WorldLII flag 18
White Mountain Apache Tribe v Williams 810 F2d 844 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 10 Feb 1987 WorldLII flag 18
McKenzie Dc v Smith 771 F2d 1527; 27 Ed Law Rep 465; 248 USApp DC 387 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 30 Aug 1985 WorldLII flag 18
Heldman Th v Sobol 962 F2d 148; 74 Ed Law Rep 1042; 60 USLW 2694 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 16 Apr 1992 WorldLII flag 17
Associated Builders Contractors of Louisiana Inc v Orleans Parish School Board 919 F2d 374; 64 Ed Law Rep 362; 18 Fed RServ3d 821; 55 Empl Prac Dec P 40,483 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 19 Dec 1990 WorldLII flag 17
Doe v Alabama State Department of Education 915 F2d 651; 63 Ed Law Rep 40 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 24 Oct 1990 WorldLII flag 17
Hennigan v Ouachita Parish School Board 749 F2d 1148; 21 Ed Law Rep 815 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 7 Jan 1985 WorldLII flag 17
Barlow-Gresham Union High School District No v Mitchell 940 F2d 1280; 69 Ed Law Rep 203 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 5 Aug 1991 WorldLII flag 16
Crocker v Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association 873 F2d 933; 53 Ed Law Rep 440 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 1 May 1989 WorldLII flag 16
Alexopulos Alexopulos v Riles S C 784 F2d 1408; 30 Ed Law Rep 1109 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 18 Mar 1986 WorldLII flag 16
Mallett v Wisconsin Division of Vocational Rehabilitation R 130 F3d 1245; 122 Ed Law Rep 611 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 1 Dec 1997 WorldLII flag 15
Hobbs v Hawkins 61 USLW 2123 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 13 Aug 1992 WorldLII flag 15
Hobbs v Hawkins 61 USLW 2123 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 13 Aug 1992 WorldLII flag 15
Zombro v Baltimore City Police Department 868 F2d 1364; 57 USLW 2512; 49 Empl Prac Dec P 38,785; 49 Fair Empl Prac Cas 297 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 20 Apr 1989 WorldLII flag 15
Tonya Diane v Board of Education of City of Chicago 847 F2d 1243; 47 Ed Law Rep 45; 11 Fed RServ3d 131 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 16 May 1988 WorldLII flag 15
Alexopulos Alexopulos v San Francisco Unified School District 817 F2d 551; 39 Ed Law Rep 27 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 26 May 1987 WorldLII flag 15
Witte v Clark County Sch Dist 197 F3d 1271 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 2 Dec 1999 WorldLII flag 14
Pihl v Massachusetts Department of Education 9 F3d 184; 87 Ed Law Rep 341; 62 USLW 2334 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 16 Nov 1993 WorldLII flag 14
Moore v District of Columbia 907 F2d 165; 61 Ed Law Rep 477; 285 USApp DC 95; 59 USLW 2005 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 19 Jun 1990 WorldLII flag 14
Christopher v Portsmouth School Committee 877 F2d 1089; 54 Ed Law Rep 797 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 20 Jun 1989 WorldLII flag 14
Abu-Sahyun Abu-Sahyun v Palo Alto Unified School District 843 F2d 1250; 46 Ed Law Rep 72 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 8 Apr 1988 WorldLII flag 14
Jg Mrs G 830 F2d 444; 42 Ed Law Rep 52 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 29 Sep 1987 WorldLII flag 14
Victoria Carol v District School Board Lee County Florida: D 741 F2d 369; 19 Ed Law Rep 478 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 11 Sep 1984 WorldLII flag 14
Nieves-Marquez v Puerto Rico 353 F3d 108 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 24 Dec 2003 WorldLII flag 13
Angela v Pasadena Independent School District 918 F2d 1188; 64 Ed Law Rep 350 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 12 Dec 1990 WorldLII flag 13
Alamo Heights Independent School District v State Board of Education G & G 790 F2d 1153; 32 Ed Law Rep 445 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 29 May 1986 WorldLII flag 13
Re Re-3 R-3 R-2 R-30 Re-10 Re-4 992 F2d 1040; 82 Ed Law Rep 764 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 27 Apr 1993 WorldLII flag 12
Madsen v Boise State University 976 F2d 1219; 78 Ed Law Rep 219 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 22 Sep 1992 WorldLII flag 12
Securities and Exchange Commission v Unifund Sal 910 F2d 1028; 59 USLW 2115 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 3 Aug 1990 WorldLII flag 12
Eggers v Bullitt County School District L C 854 F2d 892; 48 Ed Law Rep 796; 57 USLW 2141 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 18 Aug 1988 WorldLII flag 12
Virginia Hospital Association v Baliles 868 F2d 653; 57 USLW 2513 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 22 Mar 1989 WorldLII flag 11
Victorian v Miller 813 F2d 718; 55 USLW 2553 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 7 Apr 1987 WorldLII flag 11
Robinson v G Pinderhughes 810 F2d 1270; 37 Ed Law Rep 488; 55 USLW 2433 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 30 Jan 1987 WorldLII flag 11
Jackson v Franklin County School Board 806 F2d 623; 36 Ed Law Rep 294 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 24 Dec 1986 WorldLII flag 11
School Board of County of Prince William Virginia v T Malone 762 F2d 1210; 25 Ed Law Rep 141 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 24 May 1985 WorldLII flag 11
Lunceford v District of Columbia Board of Education Lunceford 745 F2d 1577; 20 Ed Law Rep 1075; 241 USApp DC 1 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 16 Oct 1984 WorldLII flag 11
Plaintiff-Appellant and Cross-Appellee, v CITY OF WILSON, KANSAS, Defendant-Appellee and Cross-Appellant 243 F3d 1263 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 22 Mar 2001 WorldLII flag 10
Weber v Cranston Sch Comm 212 F3d 41 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 8 May 2000 WorldLII flag 10
Powell v Ridge 189 F3d 387 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 2 Sep 1999 WorldLII flag 10
Muller Muller v Committee on Special Education of East Islip Union Free School District 145 F3d 95; 127 Ed Law Rep 36 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 22 May 1998 WorldLII flag 10
Fuhrmann v East Hanover Bd of Education Gf Mf Pf 993 F2d 1031; 83 Ed Law Rep 71 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 8 Jun 1993 WorldLII flag 10
Eastman v Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 939 F2d 204; 68 Ed Law Rep 995; 60 USLW 2079; 56 Empl Prac Dec P 40,875; 56 Fair Empl Prac Cas 717 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 6 Aug 1991 WorldLII flag 10
Wexler v Westfield Bd of Educ 784 F2d 176 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 18 Mar 1986 WorldLII flag 10
Sabree Sabree v B Richman 367 F3d 180 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 11 May 2004 WorldLII flag 9
Doe v Boston Public Schools 358 F3d 20 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 6 Feb 2004 WorldLII flag 9
Radcliffe v Rainbow Constr Co 254 F3d 772 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 13 Jun 2001 WorldLII flag 9
Mack v O'Leary 80 F3d 1175 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 8 Jan 1997 WorldLII flag 9
NB v Alachua County Sch Bd 84 F3d 1376 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 7 Jun 1996 WorldLII flag 9
City of Chicago v Lindley 66 F3d 819 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 22 Nov 1995 WorldLII flag 9
Susan N v Wilson School District 70 F3d 751; 105 Ed Law Rep 23 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 20 Nov 1995 WorldLII flag 9
Mattoon v City of Pittsfield 980 F2d 1 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 20 Nov 1992 WorldLII flag 9
Garry Deyoung v Larry G Patten, Executive Director 898 F2d 628; 17 Media LRep 1638 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 14 Mar 1990 WorldLII flag 9
Association for Retarded Citizens of Alabama Inc v Teague 830 F2d 158 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 19 Oct 1987 WorldLII flag 9
Wisconsin Hospital Association v Reivitz P 820 F2d 863 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 19 May 1987 WorldLII flag 9
Nagy v United States Postal Service 773 F2d 1190; 39 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1; 38 Empl Prac Dec P 35,723; 28 Ed Law Rep 70; 54 USLW 2225 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 3 Dec 1985 WorldLII flag 9
Georgia Association of Retarded Citizens v McDaniel 740 F2d 902; 19 Ed Law Rep 117 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 4 Sep 1984 WorldLII flag 9
Ar Rv Ms Io Ml Jl v New York City Department of Education Sw Mm Nw 407 F3d 65 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 10 May 2005 WorldLII flag 8
Price v City of Stockton 390 F3d 1105 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 6 Dec 2004 WorldLII flag 8
Nextel Partners Inc v Kingston Township 286 F3d 687 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 11 Apr 2002 WorldLII flag 8
Buckley v City Of Redding, California 66 F3d 188 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 30 Nov 1995 WorldLII flag 8
Marshall v M Switzer C 10 F3d 925 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 17 Nov 1993 WorldLII flag 8
Albiston v Maine Commissioner of Human Services 7 F3d 258 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 27 Sep 1993 WorldLII flag 8
Chan v City of New York 1 F3d 96; 126 Lab Cas 33,031; 62 USLW 2089 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 26 Jul 1993 WorldLII flag 8
Wehunt v G Ledbetter 875 F2d 1558; 58 USLW 2053 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 27 Jun 1989 WorldLII flag 8
Johnson v Orr 780 F2d 386 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 17 Mar 1986 WorldLII flag 8
Behalf of Their Infant Son, Lorin, v Susquehanna Community School District 747 F2d 149; 21 Ed Law Rep 24; 40 Fed RServ2d 332; 53 USLW 2263 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 30 Oct 1984 WorldLII flag 8
Nl Ms v Knox County Schools 315 F3d 688 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 16 Jan 2003 WorldLII flag 7
Cudjoe v Independent School District 297 F3d 1058 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 23 Jul 2002 WorldLII flag 7
Bruneau Schofield v South Kortright Central School District 163 F3d 749; 131 Ed Law Rep 593 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 31 Dec 1998 WorldLII flag 7
Native Village of Venetie IRA Council v Alaska 155 F3d 1150 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 17 Sep 1998 WorldLII flag 7
Babicz v School Board of Broward County 135 F3d 1420; 123 Ed Law Rep 1133 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 26 Feb 1998 WorldLII flag 7
Counsel v Dow C 849 F2d 731; 47 Ed Law Rep 414 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 10 Jun 1988 WorldLII flag 7
Digre v Roseville Schools Independent District No 841 F2d 245; 45 Ed Law Rep 523 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 9 Mar 1988 WorldLII flag 7
Smith v United States Postal Service 766 F2d 205; 37 Empl Prac Dec P 35,466; 37 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1854 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 30 Apr 1985 WorldLII flag 7
Primeco Personal Communications Ltd Partnership v City of Mequon 352 F3d 1147 United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit United States 18 Dec 2003 WorldLII flag 6
Justice v Pendleton Place Apartments 40 F3d 139; 30 Fed RServ3d 1056 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 17 Nov 1994 WorldLII flag 6
Martinez Martinez v School Board of Hillsborough County Florida 861 F2d 1502; 50 Ed Law Rep 359 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 1 Dec 1988 WorldLII flag 6
Scurlock v City of Lynn Haven Florida 858 F2d 1521 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 31 Oct 1988 WorldLII flag 6
Georgia Association of Retarded Citizens v McDaniel 855 F2d 794; 48 Ed Law Rep 1126; 12 Fed RServ3d 533 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 21 Sep 1988 WorldLII flag 6
Arons v New Jersey State Board of Education I 842 F2d 58; 45 Ed Law Rep 1008; 56 USLW 2534 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 16 Mar 1988 WorldLII flag 6
Antkowiak Antkowiak v M Ambach 838 F2d 635; 44 Ed Law Rep 129 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 27 Jan 1988 WorldLII flag 6
Fontenot v Louisiana Board of Elementary and Secondary Education 805 F2d 1222; 36 Ed Law Rep 61 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 15 Dec 1986 WorldLII flag 6
Investment Co Institute v Ct Conover 790 F2d 925; 252 USApp DC 364; 54 USLW 2613 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 19 May 1986 WorldLII flag 6
Investment Co Institute v Ct Conover 790 F2d 925; 252 USApp DC 364; 54 USLW 2613 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States - District of Columbia 19 May 1986 WorldLII flag 6
Actmedia Inc v Stroh 830 F2d 957 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 12 May 1986 WorldLII flag 6
Teresa Diane Marilyn Jp Jp v Alief Independent School District 744 F2d 484; 20 Ed Law Rep 389 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 22 Oct 1984 WorldLII flag 6
Diaz-Fonseca v Puerto Rico 451 F3d 13 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 16 Jun 2006 WorldLII flag 5
Porter Porter v Board of Trustees of Manhattan Beach Unified School District 307 F3d 1064 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 8 Oct 2002 WorldLII flag 5
Rock Creek Ltd Partnership v State Water Resources Control Board 972 F2d 274 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 5 Aug 1992 WorldLII flag 5
Kerr Center Parents Assoc v Charles 842 F2d 1052; 45 Ed Law Rep 1052 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 9 Mar 1988 WorldLII flag 5
Fontenot v Louisiana Board of Elementary and Secondary Education 835 F2d 117; 43 Ed Law Rep 45 United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States 7 Jan 1988 WorldLII flag 5
Beach v R Bowen 788 F2d 1399 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 28 Apr 1986 WorldLII flag 5
Cain v Yukon Public Schools District I-27 775 F2d 15; 28 Ed Law Rep 34 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 12 Oct 1985 WorldLII flag 5
Acosta v R Gonzales 439 F3d 550 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 23 Feb 2006 WorldLII flag 4
SOUTHWEST AIR AMBULANCE, INC , a New Mexico corporation, and JOHN RICHARDSON, Plaintiffs - Appellants, v THE CITY OF LAS CRUCES, a political subdivision of New Mexico, Defendant - Appellee 268 F3d 1162 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 16 Oct 2001 WorldLII flag 4
Johnson v City of Fort Lauderdale 148 F3d 1228 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 3 Aug 1998 WorldLII flag 4
Unbelievable Inc v National Labor Relations Board 118 F3d 795; 134 Lab Cas 10,043; 326 USApp DC 194 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 18 Jul 1997 WorldLII flag 4
Chester County Intermediate Unit v Pennsylvania Blue Shield 896 F2d 808 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 28 Feb 1990 WorldLII flag 4
Abney Kantor v District of Columbia 849 F2d 1491; 47 Ed Law Rep 460; 270 USApp DC 362 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 17 Jun 1988 WorldLII flag 4
Communities for Equity v Michigan High School Athletic Association 459 F3d 676 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 16 Aug 2006 WorldLII flag 3
Gerling Global Reinsurance Corporation v Garamendi 400 F3d 803 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 10 Mar 2005 WorldLII flag 3
Darlene Mitchell, Plaintiffs-Appellees/Cross-Appellants, v Floyd County Board of Education, Defendant-Appellant/Cross-Appellee 228 F3d 622 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 2 Oct 2000 WorldLII flag 3
Kendall v City of Chesapeake Virginia 174 F3d 437; 137 Lab Cas 33,838 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 8 Apr 1999 WorldLII flag 3
Johnson v City of Fort Lauderdale 114 F3d 1089 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 30 May 1997 WorldLII flag 3
Suzal v Director United States Information Agency 32 F3d 574; 308 USApp DC 184 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 12 Aug 1994 WorldLII flag 3
Kerr Center Parents Assoc v Charles 897 F2d 1463; 59 Ed Law Rep 22 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 26 Feb 1990 WorldLII flag 3
Moore v District of Columbia 886 F2d 335; 56 Ed Law Rep 435; 58 USLW 2007; 280 USApp DC 318 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 24 Aug 1989 WorldLII flag 3
White Mountain Apache Tribe v Williams 798 F2d 1205 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 20 Aug 1986 WorldLII flag 3
Austin v Brown Local School District 746 F2d 1161; 20 Ed Law Rep 1133 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 25 Oct 1984 WorldLII flag 3
Toledo v L Snchez v M 454 F3d 24 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 6 Jul 2006 WorldLII flag 2
Saratoga Development Corporation v United States Saratoga Development Corporation 21 F3d 445; 305 USApp DC 351 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 15 Apr 1994 WorldLII flag 2
Rumsey v New York State Department of Correctional Services 19 F3d 83; 128 Lab Cas 11,107 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 14 Mar 1994 WorldLII flag 2
Ackerley Communications of Massachusetts Inc v City of Somerville 901 F2d 170 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 16 Jan 1990 WorldLII flag 2
Quinn v Missouri 891 F2d 190; 58 USLW 2331 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 8 Jan 1990 WorldLII flag 2
Davis v Mobile Consortium of Ceta 857 F2d 737 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 12 Oct 1988 WorldLII flag 2
Gonzalez v Pingree 821 F2d 1526 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 20 Jul 1987 WorldLII flag 2
Gallagher v Pontiac School District 807 F2d 75; 36 Ed Law Rep 553 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 16 Dec 1986 WorldLII flag 2
Oliver v Raymark Industries Inc Hk Jp & Gaf 799 F2d 95; 55 USLW 2158 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 27 Aug 1986 WorldLII flag 2
Doe v Maher 795 F2d 787; 33 Ed Law Rep 628 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 28 Jul 1986 WorldLII flag 2
Bonar Bonar v M Ambach 771 F2d 14; 27 Ed Law Rep 60 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 14 Aug 1985 WorldLII flag 2
Aw v Jersey City Public Schools 486 F3d 791 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 24 May 2007 WorldLII flag 1
Padilla-Caldera v R Gonzales 426 F3d 1294 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 18 Oct 2005 WorldLII flag 1
Komninos v Upper Saddle River Board of Education 13 F3d 775; 88 Ed Law Rep 956 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 12 Jan 1994 WorldLII flag 1
Frutiger v Hamilton Central School District E 928 F2d 68; 66 Ed Law Rep 547 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 20 Mar 1991 WorldLII flag 1
Freeman v Cavazos R Freeman 923 F2d 1434; 65 Ed Law Rep 332 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 29 Jan 1991 WorldLII flag 1
Edwards v District of Columbia [1987] USCADC 261 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States 12 Jun 1987 WorldLII flag 1
Yaris v Special School District of St Louis County L W 780 F2d 724; 29 Ed Law Rep 543 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 13 Jan 1986 WorldLII flag 1
Clients' Council v R Pierce 778 F2d 518 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 5 Dec 1985 WorldLII flag 1
Padilla-Caldera v R Gonzales 453 F3d 1237 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 19 Jun 2006 WorldLII flag
Park v Anaheim Union High School District 444 F3d 1149 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 17 Apr 2006 WorldLII flag
Harris v Olszewski Lf Jh 442 F3d 456 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 21 Mar 2006 WorldLII flag
Js v Isle of Wight County School Board 402 F3d 468 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 30 Mar 2005 WorldLII flag
JOSEPH A , by next friend Corrine Wolfe; JOSEPHINE A , by next friend Corrine Wolfe; MICHAEL B , by next friend Lucy Gale McMurray; MICHELLE C , by next friend La Donna Harris and Lucy Gale McMurray; JOEL D , by next friend Lucy Gale McMurray; SUSAN E , by next friend Barbara Burns; DONALD E , by next friend Barbara Burns; Plaintiffs-Appellants, v LAWRENCE B INGRAM, MARGARET LARROGOITE, DAROLD CHRISTIANSEN, and JANET BRYAN, in their individual capacities, NORA BUCHANON, in her official capacity as County Office Manager of the Bernalillo County office of the Children Youth & Families Department, DEBORAH HARTZ, in her official capacity as Director of the Protective Services Division of the Children, Youth & Families Department, HEATHER WILSON, in her official capacity as secretary of the Children, Youth & Families Department, LINDA S GARCIA, in her official capacity as the County Office Manger of the Santa Fe County office of the Children, Youth & Families Department, Defendants-Appellees United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 7 Jan 2002 WorldLII flag
Edwards v Armstrong [1995] USCA6 1043 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 30 Jun 1995 WorldLII flag
Gross v City of Cleveland Heights [1995] USCA6 654 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 1 May 1995 WorldLII flag
Chuhran v Walled Lake Consolidated Schools [1995] USCA6 444 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 28 Mar 1995 WorldLII flag
Taylor v Honig G [1992] USCA9 3160 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 22 Oct 1992 WorldLII flag
Yakubek v Rex [1992] USCA6 862 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 15 May 1992 WorldLII flag
Freeman v Cavazos 939 F2d 1527; 69 Ed Law Rep 25 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 30 Aug 1991 WorldLII flag
Clevenger v Oak Ridge School Board [1988] USCA6 1080 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 3 Jun 1988 WorldLII flag
Shannon v Montgomery County Public Schools [1988] USCA4 496 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 24 Mar 1988 WorldLII flag
Brooks v Alexander [1986] USCA6 2063 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 9 Dec 1986 WorldLII flag
Samuels v District of Columbia [1985] USCADC 310 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States 6 Aug 1985 WorldLII flag

Law Journal Articles Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title Citation(s) Author Jurisdiction Date Full Text Citation Index † 
"Damages Claims Against American Public School Districts for Violations of the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA): Lessons from Gonzaga University v Doe" (2003) 8 Australia and New Zealand Journal of Law and Education 19 Mawdsley, Ralph D Australia circa 2003 AustLII flag
Section 1983, Statutes, and Sovereign Immunity (2002) 112 Yale Law Journal 353 Daum, Nick United States 1 Jan 2002 WorldLII flag
"Legal Rights of American Students with Disabilities: An Overview, The" (1998) 3 Australia and New Zealand Journal of Law and Education 45 Russo, Charles J; Osborne, Allan G Jr Australia circa 1998 AustLII flag

Legislation Cited

Legislation Name Provision
Constitution
Fourteenth Amendment
Constitution

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date Full Text Citation Index † 
SOUTHWEST AIR AMBULANCE, INC , a New Mexico corporation, and JOHN RICHARDSON, Plaintiffs - Appellants, v THE CITY OF LAS CRUCES, a political subdivision of New Mexico, Defendant - Appellee 268 F3d 1162 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 16 Oct 2001 WorldLII flag 4
Johnson v City of Fort Lauderdale 148 F3d 1228 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 3 Aug 1998 WorldLII flag 4
Unbelievable Inc v National Labor Relations Board 118 F3d 795; 134 Lab Cas 10,043; 326 USApp DC 194 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 18 Jul 1997 WorldLII flag 4
Chester County Intermediate Unit v Pennsylvania Blue Shield 896 F2d 808 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 28 Feb 1990 WorldLII flag 4
Abney Kantor v District of Columbia 849 F2d 1491; 47 Ed Law Rep 460; 270 USApp DC 362 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 17 Jun 1988 WorldLII flag 4
Turillo v Tyson 535 FSupp 577 United States circa 1988 Westlaw flag 4
Communities for Equity v Michigan High School Athletic Association 459 F3d 676 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 16 Aug 2006 WorldLII flag 3
Gerling Global Reinsurance Corporation v Garamendi 400 F3d 803 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 10 Mar 2005 WorldLII flag 3
Darlene Mitchell, Plaintiffs-Appellees/Cross-Appellants, v Floyd County Board of Education, Defendant-Appellant/Cross-Appellee 228 F3d 622 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 2 Oct 2000 WorldLII flag 3
Kendall v City of Chesapeake Virginia 174 F3d 437; 137 Lab Cas 33,838 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 8 Apr 1999 WorldLII flag 3
Johnson v City of Fort Lauderdale 114 F3d 1089 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 30 May 1997 WorldLII flag 3
Suzal v Director United States Information Agency 32 F3d 574; 308 USApp DC 184 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 12 Aug 1994 WorldLII flag 3
Kerr Center Parents Assoc v Charles 897 F2d 1463; 59 Ed Law Rep 22 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 26 Feb 1990 WorldLII flag 3
Moore v District of Columbia 886 F2d 335; 56 Ed Law Rep 435; 58 USLW 2007; 280 USApp DC 318 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 24 Aug 1989 WorldLII flag 3
White Mountain Apache Tribe v Williams 798 F2d 1205 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 20 Aug 1986 WorldLII flag 3
Austin v Brown Local School District 746 F2d 1161; 20 Ed Law Rep 1133 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 25 Oct 1984 WorldLII flag 3
Phipps v New Hanover County Bd of Education 551 FSupp 732 United States circa 1984 Westlaw flag 3
H R v Hornbeck 524 FSupp 215 United States circa 1984 Westlaw flag 3
Harris v Campbell 472 FSupp 51 United States circa 1984 Westlaw flag 3
Smith v Cumberland School Committee, RI 415 A2d 168 United States circa 1984 flag 3
Toledo v L Snchez v M 454 F3d 24 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 6 Jul 2006 WorldLII flag 2
Saratoga Development Corporation v United States Saratoga Development Corporation 21 F3d 445; 305 USApp DC 351 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States - District of Columbia 15 Apr 1994 WorldLII flag 2
Rumsey v New York State Department of Correctional Services 19 F3d 83; 128 Lab Cas 11,107 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 14 Mar 1994 WorldLII flag 2
Ackerley Communications of Massachusetts Inc v City of Somerville 901 F2d 170 United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit United States 16 Jan 1990 WorldLII flag 2
Quinn v Missouri 891 F2d 190; 58 USLW 2331 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 8 Jan 1990 WorldLII flag 2
Davis v Mobile Consortium of Ceta 857 F2d 737 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 12 Oct 1988 WorldLII flag 2
Gonzalez v Pingree 821 F2d 1526 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 20 Jul 1987 WorldLII flag 2
Gallagher v Pontiac School District 807 F2d 75; 36 Ed Law Rep 553 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 16 Dec 1986 WorldLII flag 2
Oliver v Raymark Industries Inc Hk Jp & Gaf 799 F2d 95; 55 USLW 2158 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 27 Aug 1986 WorldLII flag 2
Doe v Maher 795 F2d 787; 33 Ed Law Rep 628 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 28 Jul 1986 WorldLII flag 2
Bonar Bonar v M Ambach 771 F2d 14; 27 Ed Law Rep 60 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 14 Aug 1985 WorldLII flag 2
Howard S v Friendswood Independent School District 454 FSupp 634 United States circa 1985 Westlaw flag 2
Aw v Jersey City Public Schools 486 F3d 791 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 24 May 2007 WorldLII flag 1
Padilla-Caldera v R Gonzales 426 F3d 1294 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 18 Oct 2005 WorldLII flag 1
Komninos v Upper Saddle River Board of Education 13 F3d 775; 88 Ed Law Rep 956 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit United States 12 Jan 1994 WorldLII flag 1
Frutiger v Hamilton Central School District E 928 F2d 68; 66 Ed Law Rep 547 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 20 Mar 1991 WorldLII flag 1
Freeman v Cavazos R Freeman 923 F2d 1434; 65 Ed Law Rep 332 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 29 Jan 1991 WorldLII flag 1
[1988] PP 1006-1016 [1988] PP 1006-1016 United Kingdom circa 1988 flag 1
Edwards v District of Columbia [1987] USCADC 261 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States 12 Jun 1987 WorldLII flag 1
Yaris v Special School District of St Louis County L W 780 F2d 724; 29 Ed Law Rep 543 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 13 Jan 1986 WorldLII flag 1
Clients' Council v R Pierce 778 F2d 518 United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit United States 5 Dec 1985 WorldLII flag 1
[1983] PP 1013-1016 [1983] PP 1013-1016 United Kingdom circa 1983 flag 1
504 PP 1016-1021 504 PP 1016-1021 United Kingdom circa 1985 flag 1
Padilla-Caldera v R Gonzales 453 F3d 1237 United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 19 Jun 2006 WorldLII flag
Park v Anaheim Union High School District 444 F3d 1149 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 17 Apr 2006 WorldLII flag
Harris v Olszewski Lf Jh 442 F3d 456 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 21 Mar 2006 WorldLII flag
Js v Isle of Wight County School Board 402 F3d 468 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 30 Mar 2005 WorldLII flag
"Damages Claims Against American Public School Districts for Violations of the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA): Lessons from Gonzaga University v Doe" (2003) 8 Australia and New Zealand Journal of Law and Education 19 Mawdsley, Ralph D Australia circa 2003 AustLII flag
JOSEPH A , by next friend Corrine Wolfe; JOSEPHINE A , by next friend Corrine Wolfe; MICHAEL B , by next friend Lucy Gale McMurray; MICHELLE C , by next friend La Donna Harris and Lucy Gale McMurray; JOEL D , by next friend Lucy Gale McMurray; SUSAN E , by next friend Barbara Burns; DONALD E , by next friend Barbara Burns; Plaintiffs-Appellants, v LAWRENCE B INGRAM, MARGARET LARROGOITE, DAROLD CHRISTIANSEN, and JANET BRYAN, in their individual capacities, NORA BUCHANON, in her official capacity as County Office Manager of the Bernalillo County office of the Children Youth & Families Department, DEBORAH HARTZ, in her official capacity as Director of the Protective Services Division of the Children, Youth & Families Department, HEATHER WILSON, in her official capacity as secretary of the Children, Youth & Families Department, LINDA S GARCIA, in her official capacity as the County Office Manger of the Santa Fe County office of the Children, Youth & Families Department, Defendants-Appellees United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States 7 Jan 2002 WorldLII flag
Section 1983, Statutes, and Sovereign Immunity (2002) 112 Yale Law Journal 353 Daum, Nick United States 1 Jan 2002 WorldLII flag
"Legal Rights of American Students with Disabilities: An Overview, The" (1998) 3 Australia and New Zealand Journal of Law and Education 45 Russo, Charles J ; Osborne, Allan G Jr Australia circa 1998 AustLII flag
Edwards v Armstrong [1995] USCA6 1043 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 30 Jun 1995 WorldLII flag
Gross v City of Cleveland Heights [1995] USCA6 654 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 1 May 1995 WorldLII flag
Chuhran v Walled Lake Consolidated Schools [1995] USCA6 444 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 28 Mar 1995 WorldLII flag
Taylor v Honig G [1992] USCA9 3160 United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit United States 22 Oct 1992 WorldLII flag
Yakubek v Rex [1992] USCA6 862 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 15 May 1992 WorldLII flag
Freeman v Cavazos 939 F2d 1527; 69 Ed Law Rep 25 United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit United States 30 Aug 1991 WorldLII flag
Clevenger v Oak Ridge School Board [1988] USCA6 1080 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 3 Jun 1988 WorldLII flag
Shannon v Montgomery County Public Schools [1988] USCA4 496 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States 24 Mar 1988 WorldLII flag
Brooks v Alexander [1986] USCA6 2063 United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit United States 9 Dec 1986 WorldLII flag
Samuels v District of Columbia [1985] USCADC 310 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit United States 6 Aug 1985 WorldLII flag

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