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"Abortion Law in New South Wales: The Problem with Necessity"    

Legislation Cited

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date †	Full Text		Citation Index
Emergency Situations and the Defence of Necessity ’	(2016) 34 LIC 100		Australia	circa 2016			2
New South Wales v McMaster	[2015] NSWCA 228; (2016) 328 ALR 309; (2015) 91 NSWLR 666	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	10 Aug 2015	AustLII		46
Leichhardt Council v Geitonia Pty Ltd (No 6)	[2015] NSWLEC 51; (2015) 209 LGERA 120	Land and Environment Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	2 Apr 2015	AustLII		9
Police (SA) v Ludwig	(2015) 73 MVR 379			circa 2015			1
"Necessity and Murder"	(2015) 79 Journal of Criminal Law 46	Journal of Criminal Law	United Kingdom	circa 2015	HeinOnline		1
"Necessity as a Defence to Murder: An Anglo-Canadian Perspective"	(2014) 78 Journal of Criminal Law 341	Journal of Criminal Law	United Kingdom	circa 2014	HeinOnline		1
"Necessity: Duress of Circumstances or Moral Involuntariness?"	(2014) 43 Common Law World Review 1	Common Law World Review	United Kingdom	circa 2014	LexisNexis		1
Simon v Condran	[2013] NSWCA 388; (2013) 85 NSWLR 768	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	20 Nov 2013	AustLII		12
R v Patel (No 7)	[2013] QSC 65	Supreme Court of Queensland	Australia - Queensland	7 Mar 2013	AustLII		2
"Relying on Common Law Defences to Legalise Assisted Dying: Problems and Possibilities"	(2013) 21 Medical Law Review 337	Medical Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 2013	HeinOnline / Westlaw		1
"The Offence of Child Destruction: Issues for Medical Abortion"	(2013) 35 Sydney Law Review 1	Sydney Law Review	Australia	circa 2013	AustLII		1
"Manufacturing mental illness (and lawful abortion): Doctors ’ attitudes to abortion law and practice in New South Wales and Queensland"	(2013) 20 Journal of Law and Medicine 560	Journal of Law and Medicine	Australia	circa 2013	Legal Online		2
Mattar v R	[2012] NSWCCA 98	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	17 May 2012	AustLII		7
"Eco- Terrorists Facing Armageddon: The Defence of Necessity and Legal Normativity in the Context of Environmental Crisis"	(2012) 58 McGill Law Journal 321	McGill Law Journal	Canada	circa 2012	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
Ahmadi v R	(2011) 254 FLR 174		Australia	circa 2011	Legal Online / Westlaw		4
"Doctors Liability for Homicide Under the WA Criminal Code: Defining the Role of Defences"	(2011) 35 University of Western Australia Law Review 287	University of Western Australia Law Review	Australia - Western Australia	circa 2011	HeinOnline		1
"Revisiting Necessity"	(2010) 56 Criminal Law Quarterly 13	Criminal Law Quarterly	United States	circa 2010	HeinOnline		1
Taiapa v R	[2009] HCA 53; (2009) 240 CLR 95; (2009) 261 ALR 488; (2009) 84 ALJR 143; (2009) 214 A Crim R 486	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	16 Dec 2009	AustLII		54
"The Other Abortion Myth—the Failure of the Common Law"	(2009) 6 Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 69	Journal of Bioethical Inquiry	Australia	circa 2009			2
"On Necessity as a Defence to Crime: Possibilities, Problems and the Limits of Justification and Excuse"	(2009) 3 Criminal Law and Philosophy 29	Criminal Law and Philosophy		circa 2009			1
Bayley v Police (SA)	[2007] SASC 411; (2007) 99 SASR 413; 178 A Crim R 202; 49 MVR 376	Supreme Court of South Australia	Australia - South Australia	23 Nov 2007	AustLII		8
R v b, Ja	[2007] SASC 323; (2007) 99 SASR 317; (2007) 48 MVR 429	Supreme Court of South Australia	Australia - South Australia	31 Aug 2007	AustLII		1
R v Sood	[2006] NSWSC 1141	Supreme Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	31 Oct 2006	AustLII		4
R v Sood (No 3)	[2006] NSWSC 762	Supreme Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	15 Sep 2006	AustLII		6
"Is the Born Alive Rule Outdated and Indefensible"	(2006) 28 Sydney Law Review 625	Sydney Law Review	Australia	circa 2006	AustLII		1
"Of Shipwrecked Sailors, Unborn Children, Conjoined Twins and Hijacked Airplanes--Taking Human Life and the Defence of Necessity"	(2006) 70 Journal of Criminal Law 147	Journal of Criminal Law	United Kingdom	circa 2006	HeinOnline		1
Nguyen v R	[2005] WASCA 22	Supreme Court of Western Australia - Court of Appeal	Australia - Western Australia	25 Feb 2005	AustLII		17
"Defending Begging Offenders"	(2004-2005) 4 Queensland University of Technology Law and Justice Journal 58	Queensland University of Technology Law and Justice Journal	Australia - Queensland	circa 2005	AustLII		3
R v Quayle; R v Wales; R v Taylor; R v Kenny; Attorney General's Reference (No 2 of 2004)	[2005] EWCA Crim 1415; [2006] 1 All ER 988; [2005] 2 Cr App R 527	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2005	BAILII		7
Behrooz v Secretary, Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs	[2004] HCA 36; (2004) 219 CLR 486; (2004) 208 ALR 271; (2004) 78 ALJR 1056; 79 ALD 176	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	6 Aug 2004	AustLII		131
"May Necessity Be Available as a Defence for Torture in the Interrogation of Suspected Terrorists?"	(2004) 2 Journal of International Criminal Justice 785	Journal of International Criminal Justice	United Kingdom	circa 2004	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
"Reflections on Necessity as a Justification for Torture"	(2004) 11 James Cook University Law Review 21	James Cook University Law Review	Australia	circa 2004	AustLII		1
"Recent Developments in Australian Abortion Law: Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory"	(2003) 29 Monash University Law Review 316	Monash University Law Review	Australia	circa 2003	AustLII		4
R v Japaljarri	[2002] VSCA 154; (2002) 134 A Crim R 261	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	1 Oct 2002	AustLII		12
Dunjey v Cross	[2002] WASCA 14; (2002) 36 MVR 170	Supreme Court of Western Australia - Court of Appeal	Australia - Western Australia	15 Feb 2002	AustLII		8
Legal issues	(2002) 10 Journal of Law and Medicine 10	Journal of Law and Medicine	Australia	circa 2002	Legal Online		3
"Expanding the Defences to Murder: A more fair and logical approach"	(2001) 5 Flinders Journal of Law Reform 129	Flinders Journal of Law Reform	Australia	circa 2001	AustLII		5
R v Latimer	[2001] SCC 1; [2001] 1 SCR 3			circa 2001			31
"Contemporary Australian Abortion Law: The Description of a Crime and the Negation of a Woman's Right to Abortion"	(2001) 27 Monash University Law Review 229	Monash University Law Review	Australia	circa 2001	AustLII		4
A (Children) (Conjoined Twins: Surgical Separation), Re (conjoined twins/siamese twins case)	[2000] EWCA Civ 254; [2001] Fam 147; [2000] 4 All ER 961; (2000) 57 BMLR 1; [2001] Fam Law 18; [2000] Lloyds Rep Med 425; [2001] UKHRR 1; [2001] 2 WLR 480; [2000] HRLR 721; (2000) 9 BHRC 261	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2000	BAILII		71
R v Rogers	(1996) 86 A Crim R 542		Australia	circa 1996	Legal Online / Westlaw		73
"Patient Autonomy and the Defence of Medical Necessity: Five Dutch Euthanasia Cases"	(1996) 34 Alberta Law Review 374	Alberta Law Review	Canada	circa 1996	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
R v Pommell	[1995] EWCA Crim 7; [1995] Times 22; [1995] 2 Cr App R 607	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	16 May 1995	BAILII		20
CES v Superclinics (Australia) Pty Ltd	(1995) 38 NSWLR 47; [1995] Aust Torts Reports 81-360		Australia - New South Wales	circa 1995	LexisNexis AU		87
Veivers v Connolly	[1995] 2 Qd R 326; [1994] Aust Torts Reports 81-309		Australia - Queensland	circa 1995	LexisNexis AU		27
"Private defence, duress and necessity"	(1991) 15 Criminal Law Journal 139	Criminal Law Journal	Australia	circa 1991	Legal Online		4
"Operation Rescue and the Necessity Defense: Beginning a Feminist Deconstruction"	(1991) 48 Washington and Lee Law Review 41	Washington and Lee Law Review	United States	circa 1991	HeinOnline		1
(1991) 11 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 125	(1991) 11 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 125	Oxford Journal of Legal Studies	United Kingdom	circa 1991	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
F (Mental Patient: Sterilisation), In re	[1991] UKHL 1; [1990] 2 AC 1	House of Lords	United Kingdom	17 Jul 1990	BAILII		247
"The Use of the Necessity Defense by Abortion Clinic Protestors"	(1990) 81 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 677	Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology	United States	circa 1990	HeinOnline		1
F, In Marriage of	[1989] FLC 90-473; 96 FLR 118; (1989) 13 Fam LR 189		Australia	circa 1989	IntelliConnect		16
"Duress, Duress of Circumstances and Necessity"	(1989) 139 New Law Journal 911	New Law Journal	United Kingdom	circa 1989	LexisNexis		1
"Necessity, Duress and Self-Defence"	[1989] Criminal Law Review 611	Criminal Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 1989	Westlaw		1
Ibid In Limbo v Little	(1989) 98 FLR 421		Australia	circa 1989	Legal Online / Westlaw		9
R v Martin	[1988] EWCA Crim 2; [1989] 1 All ER 652; (1988) 88 Cr App R 343; (1988) 153 JP 231; [1989] Crim LR 284; [1989] RTR 63	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	29 Nov 1988	BAILII		43
R v Conway	[1988] EWCA Crim 1; [1989] QB 290; [1988] 3 All ER 1025; (1988) 88 Cr App R 159; [1988] 3 WLR 1238	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	28 Jul 1988	BAILII		31
"Proportionality in criminal defences"	(1988) 12 Criminal Law Journal 211	Criminal Law Journal	Australia	circa 1988	Legal Online		2
C v S	[1988] QB 135; [1987] 1 All ER 1230; [1987] 2 WLR 1108; [1987] Fam Law 269		United Kingdom	circa 1988	LexisNexis / Westlaw		18
R v Denton	(1987) 85 Cr App R 246		United Kingdom	circa 1987	LexisNexis		1
"Any Reasonable Creature in Being, The"	(1987) 13 Monash University Law Review 37	Monash University Law Review	Australia	circa 1987	AustLII		4
"Reconceptualising Necessity and Duress"	(1987) 33 Wayne Law Review 1191	Wayne Law Review	United States	circa 1987	HeinOnline / Westlaw		2
"Theory of Necessity, A"	(1987) 7 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 339	Oxford Journal of Legal Studies	United Kingdom	circa 1987	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		2
"The Necessity Defense in Abortion Clinic Trespass Cases"	(1987) 32 Saint Louis University Law Journal 523	Saint Louis University Law Journal	United States	circa 1987	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
R v Howe; R v Bannister; R v Burke; R v Clarkson	[1986] UKHL 4; [1987] AC 417; [1987] 1 All ER 771; [1987] 2 WLR 568; (1987) 85 Cr App R 32	House of Lords	United Kingdom	19 Feb 1986	BAILII		106
R v Bayliss	(1986) 9 Queensland Lawyer 8	Queensland Lawyer	Australia - Queensland	circa 1986	Legal Online		2
R v Willer	(1986) 83 Cr App R 225		United Kingdom	circa 1986	LexisNexis		21
"Necessity: The Right to Present a Recognized Defense"	(1986) 21 New England Law Review 779	New England Law Review	United States	circa 1986	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
"Should the Criminal Law Distinguish between Necessity as a Justification and Necessity as an Excuse?"	(1986) 102 Law Quarterly Review 71	Law Quarterly Review	United Kingdom	circa 1986	Westlaw		3
Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority	[1985] UKHL 7; [1986] AC 112; [1985] 3 All ER 402; [1985] 3 WLR 830	House of Lords	United Kingdom	17 Oct 1985	BAILII		508
R v Dixon-Jenkins	(1985) 14 A Crim R 372		Australia	circa 1985	Legal Online / Westlaw		20
Perka v R	[1984] CanLII 23 (SCC); [1984] 2 SCR 232; (1985) 13 DLR (4th) 1	Supreme Court of Canada	Canada	11 Oct 1984	CanLII		49
"The Defence of Necessity: Justification or Excuse?"	(1984) 42 (2) University of Toronto Faculty of Law Review 165	University of Toronto Faculty of Law Review	Canada	circa 1984	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
K v Minister for Youth and Community Services	[1982] 1 NSWLR 311; 8 Fam LR 756		Australia - New South Wales	circa 1982	LexisNexis AU		57
"Necessity Defi ned: A New Role in the Criminal Defence System"	(1981) 29 UCLA Law Review 409	UCLA Law Review	United States	circa 1981	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
R v Loughnan	[1981] VicRp 43; [1981] VR 443		Australia - Victoria	1 Oct 1979	AustLII		68
Paton v British Pregnancy Advisory Service Trustees	[1979] QB 276		United Kingdom	circa 1979	LexisNexis / Westlaw		47
R v Dawson	[1978] VicRp 51; [1978] VR 536		Australia - Victoria	12 May 1978	AustLII		23
"Abortion in New South Wales – legal or illegal?"	(1978) 52 Australian Law Journal 327	Australian Law Journal	Australia	circa 1978	Legal Online		2
R v Woolnough	[1976] NZCA 51; [1977] 2 NZLR 508	Court of Appeal of New Zealand	New Zealand	22 Jul 1976	NZLII		17
Morgentaler v R	[1976] 1 SCR 616			circa 1976			18
Johnson v Phillips	[1975] 3 All ER 682		United Kingdom	circa 1975	LexisNexis		9
"The Defense of Necessity in Criminal Law: The Right to Choose the Lesser Evil"	(1974) 65 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 289	Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology	United States	circa 1974	HeinOnline		2
R v Anderson	(1973) 5 SASR 256	Supreme Court of South Australia	Australia - South Australia	circa 1973	Legal Online / Westlaw		11
"Necessity Plea in English Criminal Law, The"	(1972) 30 Cambridge Law Journal 87	Cambridge Law Journal	United Kingdom	circa 1972			1
R v Wald	(1971) 3 DCR (NSW) 25		Australia - New South Wales	circa 1971			27
Southwark LBC v Williams	[1971] Ch 734; [1971] 2 All ER 175; [1971] 2 WLR 467	Court of Chancery	United Kingdom	circa 1971	LexisNexis / Westlaw		59
Buckoke v Greater London Council	[1971] Ch 655	Court of Chancery	United Kingdom	circa 1971	LexisNexis / Westlaw		13
R v Davidson	[1969] VicRp 85; [1969] VR 667		Australia - Victoria	3 Jun 1969	AustLII		35
"1968 Turner Memorial Lecture - Necessity Knows No Law"	(1968-1970) 3 University of Tasmania Law Review 1	University of Tasmania Law Review	Australia - Tasmania	circa 1968	AustLII		1
R v Brown & Morley	[1968] SASR 467	Supreme Court of South Australia	Australia - South Australia	circa 1968	Legal Online / Westlaw		25
"R v Newton and Stungo"	[1958] Criminal Law Review 469	Criminal Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 1958	Westlaw		1
R v Hutty	[1953] VicLawRp 20; [1953] VLR 338; [1953] ALR 689		Australia - Victoria	25 Mar 1953	AustLII		23
"Alleged Conspiracy to Procure Miscarriages: Two Doctors Acquitted"	[1948] 1 British Medical Journal 1008	British Medical Journal	United Kingdom	circa 1948			2
R v Carlos	[1945] VicLawRp 44; [1946] VLR 15; [1946] ALR 94		Australia - Victoria	16 Oct 1945	AustLII		7
R v Trim	[1943] VicLawRp 9; [1943] VLR 109; [1943] ALR 236		Australia - Victoria	12 Apr 1943	AustLII		3
R v Bourne	[1939] 1 KB 687; [1938] 3 All ER 615		United Kingdom	circa 1939	LexisNexis / Westlaw		49
"The Law of Abortion and Necessity"	[1938] Modern Law Review 126	Modern Law Review	United Kingdom	circa 1938	HeinOnline		1
R v Casement	[1917] 1 KB 98; [1916-17] All ER 214		United Kingdom	circa 1917	LexisNexis / Westlaw		15
Cope v Sharpe (No 2)	[1912] UKLawRpKQB 215; [1912] 1 KB 496		United Kingdom	1 Jan 1912	CommonLII		17
R v Bond	[1906] UKLawRpKQB 91; [1906] 2 KB 389; [1904-6] All ER 24		United Kingdom	22 Jun 1906	CommonLII		98
R v Tolson	[1889] UKLawRpKQB 85; [1886-90] All ER 26; (1889) 23 QBD 168; 58 LJMC 97; 60 LT 899; 5 TLR 465; 16 Cox CC 629; 9 WR 709		United Kingdom	16 May 1889	CommonLII		175
R v Dudley	(1884) 14 QBD 273	Queen's Bench	United Kingdom	circa 1884	LexisNexis / Westlaw		108
Burns v Nowell	[1880] UKLawRpKQB 24; (1880) 5 QBD 444		United Kingdom	16 Mar 1880	CommonLII		5
R v Hicklin	(1868) LR 3 QB 360		United Kingdom	circa 1868	LexisNexis / Westlaw		64
Richard Gathorne Butt, Esq v Sir Nathaniel Conant, Knt	[1820] EngR 115; 129 ER 834; (1820) 1 Brod & Bing 548	Court of Common Pleas	United Kingdom	circa 1820	CommonLII		5
[1815] Engr 674; 105 Er 762	[1815] EngR 674; 105 ER 762		United Kingdom	circa 1815	CommonLII		1
Govier v Hancock	[1796] EngR 2357; 6 TR 603; 83 ER 268; 1 Sid 109; 1 Lev 4; 1 Vent 24-42; 1 Sm LC 341	King's Bench	United Kingdom	circa 1796	CommonLII		47
John Colt & Glover v The Bishop of Coventry & Lichfield	[1792] EngR 1247; 80 ER 290; [1792] Hob 140	King's Bench	United Kingdom	circa 1792	CommonLII		1
Governor and Co of the British cast Plate Manufactures v Meredith	[1792] EngR 3109; 4 TR 794; 100 ER 1306		United Kingdom	circa 1792	CommonLII		19
Moore versus Hussey, & Al	[1792] EngR 1613; 80 ER 243; [1792] Hob 93	King's Bench	United Kingdom	circa 1792	CommonLII		4
Colt v Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield	[1612] Hob 140	King's Bench	United Kingdom	circa 1612			1
Moore v Hussey	[1609] Hob 93	King's Bench	United Kingdom	circa 1609			5
Mouse's Case	[1572] EngR 255; 77 ER 1341; (1572-1616) 12 Co Rep 63	King's Bench	United Kingdom	circa 1572	CommonLII		46
Case of R's Prerogative in Saltpetre	[1572] EngR 410; 77 ER 1294; (1572-1616) 12 Co Rep 12	King's Bench	United Kingdom	circa 1572	CommonLII		13
Reniger v Fogossa	(1551) 1 Plow 1; 75 ER 1		United Kingdom	circa 1551	CommonLII		13
Re Appeal of White	89 FLR 444; (1987) 9 NSWLR 427; 31 A Crim R 194		Australia	circa 2000	Legal Online / Westlaw		16
R v Vantandillo	4 M & S 73	King's Bench	United Kingdom - Scotland	circa 2000			5