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Battered Women and the Requirement of Imminence in Self-Defence    

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date †	Full Text		Citation Index
LawCite S v Qeqe (CC37A/2011)	[2011] ZAECGHC 25; 2012 2 SACR 41; [2011] 3 All SA 570	Eastern Cape High Court, Grahamstown	South Africa	8 Jun 2011	SAFLII		16
Truyens v S (454/10)	[2011] ZASCA 110; 2012 1 SACR 79	Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa	South Africa	1 Jun 2011	SAFLII		38
S v Steyn	[2009] ZASCA 152; 2010 1 SACR 411	Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa	South Africa	27 Nov 2009	SAFLII		14
2005 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 276	2005 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 276	South African Journal of Criminal Justice	South Africa	circa 2005	HeinOnline		1
2005 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 279	2005 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 279	South African Journal of Criminal Justice	South Africa	circa 2005	HeinOnline		1
"Battered Woman Syndrome: Some Reflections on the Utility of this 'Syndrome' to South African Women Who Kill Their Abusers"	2005 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 259	South African Journal of Criminal Justice	South Africa	circa 2005	HeinOnline		2
2005 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 175	2005 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 175	South African Journal of Criminal Justice	South Africa	circa 2005	HeinOnline		1
2005 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 269	2005 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 269	South African Journal of Criminal Justice	South Africa	circa 2005	HeinOnline		1
2005 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 270	2005 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 270	South African Journal of Criminal Justice	South Africa	circa 2005	HeinOnline		1
2005 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 275	2005 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 275	South African Journal of Criminal Justice	South Africa	circa 2005	HeinOnline		1
S v Ferreira	[2004] ZASCA 29; 2004 2 SACR 454; [2004] 4 All SA 373	Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa	South Africa	1 Apr 2004	SAFLII		35
2004 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 184	2004 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 184	South African Journal of Criminal Justice	South Africa	circa 2004	HeinOnline		1
2004 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 189	2004 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 189	South African Journal of Criminal Justice	South Africa	circa 2004	HeinOnline		1
[2004] Arizona Law Review 249	[2004] Arizona Law Review 249	Arizona Law Review	United States	circa 2004	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
"Defending Imminence: From Battered Women to Iraq"	[2004] Arizona Law Review 213	Arizona Law Review	United States	circa 2004	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
"The Two Reasons for the Existence of Private Defence and Their Effect on the Rules Relating to the Defence in South Africa"	2004 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 178	South African Journal of Criminal Justice	South Africa	circa 2004	HeinOnline		1
[2004] Arizona Law Review 247	[2004] Arizona Law Review 247	Arizona Law Review	United States	circa 2004	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
Ally and Viljoen	2003 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 129	South African Journal of Criminal Justice	South Africa	circa 2003	HeinOnline		1
120 Bru 2003	120 Bru 2003		United Kingdom - Scotland	circa 2003			1
"The Gendered Nature of the Battered Woman Syndrome: Why Gender Neutrality Does not Mean Gender Equality"	[2003] New York University Annual Survey of American Law 21	New York University Annual Survey of American Law	United States - New York	circa 2003	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
115 Bru 2003	115 Bru 2003		United Kingdom - Scotland	circa 2003			1
2003 Obiter 103-120	2003 Obiter 103-120		South Africa	circa 2003			1
2003 Obiter 121	2003 Obiter 121		South Africa	circa 2003			1
2003 THRHR 327	2003 THRHR 327		South Africa	circa 2003			1
"Killing and the Constitution – Arrest and the use of lethal force"	2003 South African Journal of Human Rights 430	South African Journal of Human Rights	South Africa	circa 2003			4
"Homicide in Defence of Property in an Age of Constitutionalism"	2003 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 121	South African Journal of Criminal Justice	South Africa	circa 2003	HeinOnline		1
Ally and Viljoen	2003 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 133	South African Journal of Criminal Justice	South Africa	circa 2003	HeinOnline		1
Ally and Viljoen	2003 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 132	South African Journal of Criminal Justice	South Africa	circa 2003	HeinOnline		1
[2003] Bru 2003	[2003] Bru 2003		United Kingdom - Scotland	circa 2003			1
[2003] New York University Annual Survey of American Law 22	[2003] New York University Annual Survey of American Law 22	New York University Annual Survey of American Law	United States - New York	circa 2003	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
"Criminal Law-Retreat from Reason: How Minnesota's New No-retreat Rule Confuses the Law and Cries for Alteration"	[2002] William Mitchell Law Review 657	William Mitchell Law Review	United States	circa 2002	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
[2002] William Mitchell Law Review 671	[2002] William Mitchell Law Review 671	William Mitchell Law Review	United States	circa 2002	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
[2002] North Carolina Law Review 241	[2002] North Carolina Law Review 241	North Carolina Law Review	United States	circa 2002	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
[2002] North Carolina Law Review 242	[2002] North Carolina Law Review 242	North Carolina Law Review	United States	circa 2002	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
S v Walters	(2002) 7 BCLR 663		Canada - British Columbia	circa 2002			11
"Rational Actors, Self-Defense and Duress; Making Sense not Syndromes out of the Battered Woman"	[2002] North Carolina Law Review 211	North Carolina Law Review	United States	circa 2002	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
Govender v Minister of Safety and Security	[2001] ZASCA 80; 2001 4 SA 273	Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa	South Africa	1 Jun 2001	SAFLII		27
"Self-defense and Subjectivity"	[2001] University of Chicago Law Review 1189	University of Chicago Law Review	United States	circa 2001	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
[2001] University of Chicago Law Review 1266	[2001] University of Chicago Law Review 1266	University of Chicago Law Review	United States	circa 2001	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
[2001] University of Chicago Law Review 1271	[2001] University of Chicago Law Review 1271	University of Chicago Law Review	United States	circa 2001	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
[2001] University of Chicago Law Review 1272	[2001] University of Chicago Law Review 1272	University of Chicago Law Review	United States	circa 2001	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
[2001] University of Chicago Law Review 1273	[2001] University of Chicago Law Review 1273	University of Chicago Law Review	United States	circa 2001	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
[2000] University of Pennsylvania Law Review 623	[2000] University of Pennsylvania Law Review 623	University of Pennsylvania Law Review	United States	circa 2000	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
[2000] University of Pennsylvania Law Review 614	[2000] University of Pennsylvania Law Review 614	University of Pennsylvania Law Review	United States	circa 2000	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
S v Baloyi	2000 1 BCLR 86		Canada - British Columbia	circa 2000			9
"The Prospective Effects of Modifying Existing Law to Accommodate Pre-emptive Self-defence by Battered Women"	[2000] University of Pennsylvania Law Review 613	University of Pennsylvania Law Review	United States	circa 2000	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
1999 Responsa Meridiana 82	1999 Responsa Meridiana 82		South Africa	circa 1999			1
R v Lavallee	(1999) 55 CCC (3d) 124		Canada	circa 1999			1
R v Lavallee	(1999) 55 CCC (3d) 113		Canada	circa 1999			1
R v Lavallee	(1999) 55 CCC (3d) 114		Canada	circa 1999			1
R v Lavallee	(1999) 55 CCC (3d) 120		Canada	circa 1999			1
R v Lavallee	(1999) 55 CCC (3d) 121		Canada	circa 1999			1
R v Lavallee	(1999) 55 CCC (3d) 125		Canada	circa 1999			1
[1998] American Journal of Criminal Law 12	[1998] American Journal of Criminal Law 12	American Journal of Criminal Law	United States	circa 1998	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
[1998] American Journal of Criminal Law 94	[1998] American Journal of Criminal Law 94	American Journal of Criminal Law	United States	circa 1998	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
[1998] American Journal of Criminal Law 95	[1998] American Journal of Criminal Law 95	American Journal of Criminal Law	United States	circa 1998	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
1998 THRHR 538	1998 THRHR 538		South Africa	circa 1998			1
1998 THRHR 538-541	1998 THRHR 538-541		South Africa	circa 1998			1
"Beyond the Reasonable Man? A Sympathetic but Critical Assessment of the Use of Subjective Standards of Reasonableness in Self-defense and Provocation Cases"	[1998] American Journal of Criminal Law 1	American Journal of Criminal Law	United States	circa 1998	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
1998 THRHR 540	1998 THRHR 540		South Africa	circa 1998			1
R v Malott	[1998] 1 SCR 123			circa 1998			11
"Reasonableness, Gender Difference and Self-defense Law"	[1997] Manitoba Law Journal 549	Manitoba Law Journal	Canada	circa 1997	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
[1997] Manitoba Law Journal 553	[1997] Manitoba Law Journal 553	Manitoba Law Journal	Canada	circa 1997	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
[1997] Manitoba Law Journal 555	[1997] Manitoba Law Journal 555	Manitoba Law Journal	Canada	circa 1997	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
"Domination in the Theory of Justification and Excuse"	[1996] University of Pittsburgh Law Review 507	University of Pittsburgh Law Review	United States	circa 1996	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
[1996] University of Pittsburgh Law Review 571	[1996] University of Pittsburgh Law Review 571	University of Pittsburgh Law Review	United States	circa 1996	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
"Self-defense and Equal Protection"	[1996] University of Pittsburgh Law Review 685	University of Pittsburgh Law Review	United States	circa 1996	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
[1996] University of Pittsburgh Law Review 559	[1996] University of Pittsburgh Law Review 559	University of Pittsburgh Law Review	United States	circa 1996	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
Government of the Republic of South Africa v Basdeo	1996 1 SA 355		South Africa	circa 1996	LexisNexis		15
"Re-Presenting Woman Battering: From Battered Woman Syndrome to Coercive Control"	[1995] Albany Law Review 973	Albany Law Review	United States	circa 1995	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
141 Stark 1995	141 Stark 1995		United Kingdom	circa 1995			1
S v Makwanyane	(1995) 6 BCLR 665		Canada - British Columbia	circa 1995			78
143 Stark 1995	143 Stark 1995		United Kingdom	circa 1995			1
[2008] Stark 1995	[2008] Stark 1995		United Kingdom	circa 1995			1
De Klerk v Du Plessis	1995 2 SA 40		South Africa	circa 1995	LexisNexis		19
[1994] Case Western Reserve Law Review 201	[1994] Case Western Reserve Law Review 201	Case Western Reserve Law Review	United States	circa 1994	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
[1994] Case Western Reserve Law Review 200	[1994] Case Western Reserve Law Review 200	Case Western Reserve Law Review	United States	circa 1994	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
S v De Oliveira	[1993] ZASCA 62; [1993] 2 All SA 415; 1993 2 SACR 59	Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa	South Africa	18 May 1993	SAFLII		40
[1993] North Carolina Law Review 387	[1993] North Carolina Law Review 387	North Carolina Law Review	United States	circa 1993	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
"On Self-defence, Imminence, and Women Who Kill Their Abusers"	[1993] North Carolina Law Review 371	North Carolina Law Review	United States	circa 1993	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
R v Nelson	(1992) 71 CCC (3d) 449		Canada	circa 1992			3
[1992] Northwestern University Law Review 329	[1992] Northwestern University Law Review 329	Northwestern University Law Review	United States	circa 1992	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
"Reasonable Doubts: A Critique of the Reasonable Woman Standard in American Jurisprudence"	[1992] Northwestern University Law Review 326	Northwestern University Law Review	United States	circa 1992	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
R v Lavallee	[1990] CanLII 95		Canada	circa 1990	CanLII
R v Lavallee	(1990) 55 CCC (3d) 96		Canada	circa 1990			1
"The 'Defence' of 'Battered Woman Syndrome' in Canada"	[1990] Manitoba Law Journal 185	Manitoba Law Journal	Canada	circa 1990	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
[1990] Manitoba Law Journal 198	[1990] Manitoba Law Journal 198	Manitoba Law Journal	Canada	circa 1990	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
S v t	1986 2 SA 112		South Africa	circa 1986	LexisNexis		4
"The Excuse of Self-defense: Correcting a Historical Accident on Behalf of Battered Women Who Kill"	[1986] American University Law Review 1	American University Law Review	United States	circa 1986	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
[1986] American University Law Review 31	[1986] American University Law Review 31	American University Law Review	United States	circa 1986	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
[1986] American University Law Review 13	[1986] American University Law Review 13	American University Law Review	United States	circa 1986	HeinOnline / LexisNexis		1
Tennessee v Garner	471 US 1; 85 L Ed 2d 1; 105 SCt 1694	United States Supreme Court	United States	27 Mar 1985	WorldLII		473
S v Mogohlwane	1982 2 SA 587; [1982] 3 All SA 483		South Africa	circa 1982	LexisNexis		3
S v Motleleni	1976 1 SA 403		South Africa	circa 1976	LexisNexis		8
S v Ntuli	1975 1 SA 429		South Africa	circa 1975	LexisNexis		57
S v Goliath	1972 3 SA 1		South Africa	circa 1972	LexisNexis		29
S v Van Wyk	1967 1 SA 488		South Africa	circa 1967	LexisNexis		15
S v Mnguni	1966 3 SA 776		South Africa	circa 1966	LexisNexis		3
S v Van Vuuren	1961 3 SA 305		South Africa	circa 1961	LexisNexis		2
R v Patel	1959 3 SA 121		South Africa	circa 1959	LexisNexis		12
R v K	1956 3 SA 353		South Africa	circa 1956	LexisNexis		2
R v Zikalala	1953 2 SA 568		South Africa	circa 1953	LexisNexis		4
Ntanjana v Vorster and Minister of Justice	1950 4 SA 398; 1950 4 All SA 248		South Africa	circa 1950	LexisNexis		15
Cele v R	1945 NPD 173		South Africa - Natal	circa 1945			3
"Noodweer"	1932 South African Law Journal 462	South African Law Journal	South Africa	circa 1932	HeinOnline		1
R v Nomahleki	1928 GWL 8		South Africa - Cape of Good Hope	circa 1928			1
R v Hayes	1904 TS 383		South Africa - Transvaal	circa 1904			1
S v Norman	378 SE2d 8		United States	circa 1998			2
R v Dudley Stephens	14 QBD 273	Queen's Bench	United Kingdom	circa 1998	LexisNexis / Westlaw		108