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United States v Ryan     273

Cases Referring to this Case

Case Name	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date †	Full Text		Citation Index
Guam Memorial Hospital Authority v Superior Court of Guam	[2012] GUSC 18; [2012] Guam 17	Supreme Court of Guam	Guam	3 Dec 2012	WorldLII		3
In Re: Grand Jury	490 F3d 978	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States	22 Jun 2007	WorldLII		1
No 06-4611	483 F3d 220	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	14 Mar 2007	WorldLII		2
Dynegy Midstream Services Lp Dms v Trammochem Ap 05-3544-Cv	451 F3d 89	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	13 Jun 2006	WorldLII		1
United States Pogue v Diabetes Treatment Centers of America Inc Hca	444 F3d 462	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	11 Apr 2006	WorldLII		3
United States v Fei Ye	436 F3d 1117	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	2 Feb 2006	WorldLII		1
Stolt-Nielsen SA v Celanese AG	430 F3d 567	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	21 Nov 2005	WorldLII		5
Ual Corporation Independent Fiduciary Services Inc	[2005] USCA7 254	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	24 May 2005	WorldLII
Piratello v Philips Electronics North America Corporation	360 F3d 506	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	3 Mar 2004	WorldLII		1
Espinal-Dominguez v Commonwealth of Puerto Rico	352 F3d 490	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	19 Dec 2003	WorldLII		7
In re Cheney	334 F3d 1096	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States	8 Jul 2003	WorldLII		6
Re James Kujawa	323 F3d 628	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	19 May 2003	WorldLII
Burden-Meeks v Welch	319 F3d 897	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	10 Feb 2003	WorldLII		2
United States v Philip Morris Inc	314 F3d 612	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States	7 Jan 2003	WorldLII		14
Adams v Island Homes Constr , Inc	[2001] FMSC 40; 10 FSM Intrm 466	Supreme Court of Federated States of Micronesia	Federated States of Micronesia	27 Nov 2001	PacLII		12
United States of America and Leonard Koczur, Acting Inspector General of the Legal Services Corporation, Appellees v Legal Services for New York City, Appellant	249 F3d 1077	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States	25 May 2001	WorldLII		1
United States v Fernandez	231 F3d 1240	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	7 Nov 2000	WorldLII		9
Bailey, MD; Family Health Care Associates of Southwest Virginia, PC, Defendants-Appellants	228 F3d 341	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	8 Sep 2000	WorldLII		6
In Re: Grand Jury Subpoena	190 F3d 375	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	20 Sep 1999	WorldLII		8
Byrd v Reno	180 F3d 298	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States	22 Jun 1999	WorldLII		8
Christopher Kiernan, Esq Matthew Molus; Jason Molus; Mark Molus; Michael Richard Molus, III; Dwayne Ellison; Steve Giordano; HD Weeks; John Drake; Gordon Simpson, Appellants, v United States of America, Appellee	182 F3d 668	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	17 Jun 1999	WorldLII		4
Cunningham v Hamilton County	527 US 198; 144 L Ed 2d 184; 119 SCt 1915	United States Supreme Court	United States	14 Jun 1999	WorldLII		63
United States v Amlani	169 F3d 1189	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	3 Mar 1999	WorldLII		11
In Re: Sealed Case	162 F3d 670; 50 Fed REvid Serv 731; 333 USApp DC 245	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	1 Dec 1998	WorldLII		4
In Re: Sealed Case No 98-3077	151 F3d 1059; 331 USApp DC 385	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	3 Aug 1998	WorldLII		15
Ficken v Alvarez	146 F3d 978	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States	10 Jul 1998	WorldLII		1
In Re: Sealed Case	148 F3d 1073; 49 Fed REvid Serv 458; 331 USApp DC 219	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	7 Jul 1998	WorldLII		6
Chairs 3/8/82 v Burgess	143 F3d 1432	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	18 Jun 1998	WorldLII		3
Re Grand Jury Proceedings John Roe Inc	142 F3d 1416	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	12 Jun 1998	WorldLII		6
Starcher v Correctional Medical Systems Inc	144 F3d 418; 41 Fed RServ3d 321	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	21 May 1998	WorldLII		4
In Re: Sealed Case	141 F3d 337; 329 USApp DC 374	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	14 Apr 1998	WorldLII		14
In re Papandreou	139 F3d 247; 329 USApp DC 210	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	10 Apr 1998	WorldLII		38
In Re: Sealed Case	131 F3d 208; 327 USApp DC 358	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	19 Dec 1997	WorldLII		5
In Re: Grand Jury Subpoenas	123 F3d 695	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	13 Aug 1997	WorldLII		7
Cleveland Hair Clinic Inc v J Puig Sc L	106 F3d 165	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	6 Feb 1997	WorldLII		6
In Re: David a Kessler	100 F3d 1015	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States	29 Nov 1996	WorldLII		10
Behrens v Pelletier	516 US 299; 133 L Ed 2d 773; 116 SCt 834	United States Supreme Court	United States	21 Feb 1996	WorldLII		400
United States v Small	74 F3d 1276	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States	30 Jan 1996	WorldLII		9
United States v Construction Products Research Inc	73 F3d 464; 33 Fed RServ3d 828	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	2 Jan 1996	WorldLII		14
United States v W Billmyer	57 F3d 31; 64 USLW 2004	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	14 Jun 1995	WorldLII		9
Grand Jury Subpoena Issued to Bailin Silva Oc v United States Silva	51 F3d 203; 31 Fed RServ3d 813	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	28 Mar 1995	WorldLII		10
Harris v City of Philadelphia	47 F3d 1333	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	15 Feb 1995	WorldLII		5
Harris v City of Philadelphia	47 F3d 1311; 31 Fed RServ3d 497	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	15 Feb 1995	WorldLII		9
Grand Jury Proceedings Kinamon v United States	45 F3d 343	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	19 Jan 1995	WorldLII		4
Western Water Management Inc v P Brown	40 F3d 105; 33 USPQ2d 2014; 30 Fed RServ3d 1195	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	15 Dec 1994	WorldLII		6
Nos 94-2032 94-2033	40 F3d 1096	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	21 Nov 1994	WorldLII		13
Subpoena to Testify Before Grand Jury Alexiou v United States	39 F3d 973; 40 Fed REvid Serv 1024; 30 Fed RServ3d 14	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	2 Nov 1994	WorldLII		5
Allendale Mutual Insurance Co v Bull Data Systems Incorporated	32 F3d 1175; 30 Fed RServ3d 26	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	19 Aug 1994	WorldLII		3
Confederated Salish v Simonich	29 F3d 1398	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	15 Jul 1994	WorldLII		15
MDK, Inc v Mike's Train House, Inc	27 F3d 116	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	22 Jun 1994	WorldLII		19
Joint Eastern Southern Districts Asbestos Litigation Johns-Manville Corporation Findley v M Blinken Walker	22 F3d 755; 28 Fed RServ3d 1259	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	2 May 1994	WorldLII		20
Osh Osh Oshd Reich v National Engineering & Contracting Co	13 F3d 93	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	14 Dec 1993	WorldLII		11
Boughton v Cotter Corporation	10 F3d 746; 27 Fed RServ3d 1368	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	30 Nov 1993	WorldLII		23
United States v M Davis	1 F3d 606	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	12 Oct 1993	WorldLII		7
Matter of Grand Jury Proceedings: Victor Krynicki	[1993] USCA7 920	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	20 Aug 1993	WorldLII
United States v O Bertoli & O	994 F2d 1002; 61 USLW 2717	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	7 May 1993	WorldLII		14
United States v Plumes	[1993] USCA9 1020	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	2 Apr 1993	WorldLII
Bowles v T N Nance	[1993] USCA4 349	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	1 Mar 1993	WorldLII
Re United States of America	985 F2d 510	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	23 Feb 1993	WorldLII		9
Periodical Publishers Service Bureau Inc v K Keys J Frost	981 F2d 215	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	18 Jan 1993	WorldLII		4
Enprotech Corporation v Renda	983 F2d 17	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	5 Jan 1993	WorldLII		3
Horn United States v S Horn	976 F2d 1314; 36 Fed REvid Serv 1224; 61 USLW 2225	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	25 Nov 1992	WorldLII		5
Church of Scientology v United States	506 US 9; 121 L Ed 2d 313; 113 SCt 447	United States Supreme Court	United States	16 Nov 1992	WorldLII		189
No 91-4076	[1992] USCA10 1199	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	10 Nov 1992	WorldLII
Federal Grand Jury Proceedings Cohen Federal Grand Jury Proceedings Veal Federal Grand Jury Proceedings Klausner	975 F2d 1488	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	9 Oct 1992	WorldLII		7
Central States Southeast and Southwest Areas Pension Fund v Express Freight Lines Incorporated a Jansen	971 F2d 5	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	23 Jul 1992	WorldLII		8
United States v Remini	967 F2d 754	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	18 Jun 1992	WorldLII		11
Sparks v City and County of San Francisco	[1992] USCA9 513	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	4 Mar 1992	WorldLII
In Re Grand Jury Subpoena Duces Tecum 91-02922	955 F2d 670	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	25 Feb 1992	WorldLII		2
Kemp v Gay	947 F2d 1493; 292 USApp DC 124	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	1 Nov 1991	WorldLII		5
Citronelle-Mobile Gathering Inc v D Watkins	943 F2d 1297; 21 Fed RServ3d 1435	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	4 Oct 1991	WorldLII		11
Puget Sound Power Light Co v United States	[1991] USCAFED 476	United States Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit	United States	1 Aug 1991	WorldLII
Re Roger Novak	932 F2d 1397; 20 Fed RServ3d 10; 59 USLW 2763	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	7 Jun 1991	WorldLII		5
Sears v Nissan Motor Co Ltd Usa	[1991] USCA10 436	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	16 May 1991	WorldLII
Office of Thrift Supervision Department of Treasury v Dobbs	931 F2d 956; 59 USLW 2698; 289 USApp DC 318	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	3 May 1991	WorldLII		10
Grand Jury Subpoenas Dated December Does Through IV v United States	926 F2d 847; 109 ALRFed 541	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	15 Feb 1991	WorldLII		38
Wilkinson	922 F2d 555; 18 Fed RServ3d 825	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	7 Jan 1991	WorldLII		10
United States v Martinez	921 F2d 1184; 32 Fed REvid Serv 487	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	3 Jan 1991	WorldLII		1
GJB & Assocs , Inc v Singleton	913 F2d 824; 17 Fed RServ3d 1083	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	5 Sep 1990	WorldLII		41
Shea v Office of Thrift Supervision	934 F2d 41; 59 USLW 2745	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	4 Aug 1990	WorldLII		6
Search of Premises Known As South Yosemite Englewood Colorado Blinder Robinson Co Inc v United States	897 F2d 1549	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	12 Mar 1990	WorldLII		10
Crowder v W Sullivan	897 F2d 252	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	5 Mar 1990	WorldLII		5
United States v W Robinson	[1990] USCA6 127	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	25 Jan 1990	WorldLII
Matter of John Doe Trader Number One	894 F2d 240	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	25 Jan 1990	WorldLII		7
United States v Williams	892 F2d 75	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	25 Jan 1990	WorldLII
Grand Jury v Under Seal Grand Jury 87-4 Subpoena Duces Tecum	884 F2d 772	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	12 Dec 1989	WorldLII		4
Conkling v S Turner R	883 F2d 431; 15 Fed RServ3d 132	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	20 Sep 1989	WorldLII		7
Establishment Inspection of Hern Iron Works Inc Department of Labor Osha v Hern Iron Works Inc	881 F2d 722	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	3 Aug 1989	WorldLII		10
United States v Underwood	880 F2d 612	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	24 Jul 1989	WorldLII		8
Micro Motion Incorporated v Exac Corporation	876 F2d 1574; 11 USPQ2d 1070	United States Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit	United States	1 Jun 1989	WorldLII		3
Seguros v Garcia	876 F2d 254	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	1 Jun 1989	WorldLII		15
United States v Darwin Construction Co Inc	873 F2d 750; 63 AFTR2d 89-1340	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	8 May 1989	WorldLII		4
Olson v United States	872 F2d 820; 63 AFTR2d 89-1169	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	18 Apr 1989	WorldLII
Re Grand Jury Proceedings	867 F2d 562; 27 Fed REvid Serv 752	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	9 Feb 1989	WorldLII		7
Clark v Coats & Clark Inc	869 F2d 100; 49 Fair Empl Prac Cas 99; 49 Empl Prac Dec P 38,767; 102 ALRFed 189; 13 Fed RServ3d 339; 57 USLW 2536	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	23 Jan 1989	WorldLII		45
Grand Jury Proceedings Co v United States	857 F2d 710	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	20 Dec 1988	WorldLII		9
Lariscey v United States	861 F2d 1267; 8 USPQ2d 2007	United States Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit	United States	23 Nov 1988	WorldLII		6
Feldberg 1987 Walters	862 F2d 622; 27 Fed REvid Serv 178	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	8 Nov 1988	WorldLII		14
United States v W Roberts	858 F2d 698; 62 AFTR2d 88-5885	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	25 Oct 1988	WorldLII		8
Hughes Aircraft Co v United States	[1988] USCAFED 532	United States Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit	United States	12 Oct 1988	WorldLII
United States Catholic Conference v Abortion Rights Mobilization, Inc	487 US 72; 101 L Ed 2d 69; 108 SCt 2268	United States Supreme Court	United States	20 Jun 1988	WorldLII		33
National Mortgage Equity Corporation Mortgage Pool Certificates Litigation Bank of America v National Mortgage Equity Corporation	857 F2d 1238	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	10 Jun 1988	WorldLII		3
Three Grand Jury Subpoenas Dated January Roe Abc Def Lp v United States	847 F2d 1024	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	25 May 1988	WorldLII		4
Church of St Matthew v United States	845 F2d 418	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	29 Apr 1988	WorldLII		1
Saber v Financeamerica Credit Corporation US Financeamerica Credit Corporation	843 F2d 697	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	31 Mar 1988	WorldLII		7
Lear Siegler Inc Energy Products Division v Lehman Lear Siegler Inc	842 F2d 1102; 56 USLW 2583	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	23 Mar 1988	WorldLII		4
In the Matter of the Grand Jury Empanelled March 17 1987	836 F2d 150	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	21 Jan 1988	WorldLII		2
Grand Jury	832 F2d 554; 24 Fed REvid Serv 275	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	10 Dec 1987	WorldLII		3
Grand Jury Proceedings Co v United States	835 F2d 237	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	24 Nov 1987	WorldLII		4
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v Commonwealth of Pennsylvania	829 F2d 392; 44 Empl Prac Dec P 37,416; 44 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1470; 56 USLW 2196	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	24 Sep 1987	WorldLII		3
Johnson v Creecy	[1987] USCA4 1531	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	23 Sep 1987	WorldLII
Re Sealed Case	829 F2d 50; 264 USApp DC 265	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	20 Aug 1987	WorldLII		5
Doe v United States	825 F2d 231	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	18 Aug 1987	WorldLII		9
Blondin v M Winner United States	822 F2d 969	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	20 Jul 1987	WorldLII		5
National Mortgage Equity Corporation Mortgage Pool Certificates Litigation Bank of America v A Feldman	821 F2d 1422; 8 Fed RServ3d 596	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	15 Jul 1987	WorldLII		12
Deaver v Seymour	822 F2d 66; 261 USApp DC 334	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	15 Jun 1987	WorldLII		7
Re Sealed Case	827 F2d 776; 264 USApp DC 125	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	8 Jun 1987	WorldLII		6
United States Catholic Conference Abortion Rights Mobilization Inc v A Baker	824 F2d 156; 7 Fed RServ3d 1369; 55 USLW 2682	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	4 Jun 1987	WorldLII		6
United States v Mid-States Exchange	815 F2d 1227	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	1 Jun 1987	WorldLII		4
Lugo v Alvarado	819 F2d 5; 8 Fed RServ3d 60	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	26 May 1987	WorldLII		4
In Re Grand Jury Subpoenas on Bernard M Barrett Jr	818 F2d 330; 60 AFTR2d 87-5105	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	19 May 1987	WorldLII
Woodard v Sage Products, Inc	818 F2d 841; 2 USPQ2d 1649; 55 USLW 2635	United States Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit	United States	4 May 1987	WorldLII		52
Subpoena Served California Public Utilities Commission Southern California Edison Co v Westinghouse Electric Corporation Southern California Edison Co	813 F2d 1473; 7 Fed RServ3d 581; 55 USLW 2589	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	3 Apr 1987	WorldLII		25
Miller v Simmons	814 F2d 962	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	26 Mar 1987	WorldLII		58
Glazebrook v J Reed	[1987] USCA4 334	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	9 Mar 1987	WorldLII
United States v Martinson	809 F2d 1364	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	27 Feb 1987	WorldLII		72
Pennsylvania v Ritchie	480 US 39; 94 L Ed 2d 40; 107 SCt 989	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 Feb 1987	WorldLII		229
Ndny Grand Jury Subpoena v A Grand Jury Witness	811 F2d 114	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	4 Feb 1987	WorldLII		6
Estate of Domingo v Republic of Philippines E Marcos	808 F2d 1349; 6 Fed RServ3d 956	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	26 Jan 1987	WorldLII		3
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v Commonwealth of Pennsylvania	829 F2d 392; 44 Empl Prac Dec P 37,416; 44 Fair Empl Prac Cas 1470; 56 USLW 2196	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	24 Sep 1987	WorldLII		3
Providence Journal Co Providence Journal Co	820 F2d 1342; 13 Media LRep 1945; 91 ALRFed 245	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	31 Dec 1986	WorldLII		14
Grand Jury Matter John Kennedy Memorial Hospital v United States	802 F2d 96	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	7 Oct 1986	WorldLII		3
Lee v Johnson	799 F2d 31	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	22 Sep 1986	WorldLII		13
Griffin v United States	[1986] USCA6 1251	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	1 Aug 1986	WorldLII
Re Witness Before Grand Jury	[1986] USCA6 1177	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	21 Jul 1986	WorldLII
United States v T Pearce	792 F2d 397	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	12 Jun 1986	WorldLII		5
Nos 85-1085 85-1086	777 F2d 1363	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	3 Dec 1985	WorldLII		8
Federal Trade Commission v Alaska Land Leasing Inc	778 F2d 577	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	2 Dec 1985	WorldLII		20
In the Matter of Kelli Schmidt a Witness Before the Special April 1984 Grand Jury	775 F2d 822; 54 USLW 2247	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	21 Oct 1985	WorldLII		4
United States v Hallahan	768 F2d 754	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	11 Sep 1985	WorldLII		3
Diamantis v Milton Bradley Co	772 F2d 3; 3 Fed RServ3d 633; 38 Empl Prac Dec P 35,510; 54 USLW 2218	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	10 Sep 1985	WorldLII		2
Matter of Klein	776 F2d 628; 56 AFTR2d 85-6164	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	16 Aug 1985	WorldLII		30
Grand Jury Matter District Council 33 Health and Welfare Fund 33	770 F2d 36	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	9 Aug 1985	WorldLII		2
United States v Regional Consulting Services for Economic and Community Development Inc	766 F2d 870	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	11 Jul 1985	WorldLII		5
Rri Realty Corporation v Incorporated Village of Southampton	766 F2d 63	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	27 Jun 1985	WorldLII		3
Pierce v Winograd	757 F2d 714	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	15 Apr 1985	WorldLII		3
United States v James T Barnes and Co T T T	758 F2d 146	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	22 Mar 1985	WorldLII		10
DeMassa v Nunez	747 F2d 1283	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	20 Nov 1984	WorldLII		13
Gardiner v Ah Robins Co Inc F Michalik	747 F2d 1180; 40 Fed RServ2d 297; 53 USLW 2270	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	2 Nov 1984	WorldLII		35
United States v White	743 F2d 488	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	27 Aug 1984	WorldLII		8
Smith-Bey v Petsock	741 F2d 22	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	23 Aug 1984	WorldLII		11
Mulay Plastics Inc v Grand Trunk Western Railroad Co Magnavox Co	742 F2d 369; 39 Fed RServ2d 1287	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	22 Aug 1984	WorldLII		19
Gross v Gd Searle & Co Eyelab Inc	738 F2d 600; 39 Fed RServ2d 510	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	10 Jul 1984	WorldLII		7
Re Sealed Case	737 F2d 94; 237 USApp DC 312; (1984) 237 App DC 312	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	15 Jun 1984	WorldLII		16
United States v Search Warrant for N Wabash Suite Chicago Illinois	736 F2d 1174	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	13 Jun 1984	WorldLII		4
Newton v National Broadcasting Co Inc Rca	726 F2d 591	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	24 Feb 1984	WorldLII		9
Rohrer, Hibler & Replogle, Inc v Perkins	728 F2d 860	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	16 Feb 1984	WorldLII		16
United States v Peters F	732 F2d 1004; 15 Fed REvid Serv 1254	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	13 Jan 1984	WorldLII		23
Bever v Gilbertson	724 F2d 1083; 1 Fed RServ3d 1009	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	11 Jan 1984	WorldLII		37
Marrese v American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons	726 F2d 1150	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	10 Jan 1984	WorldLII		26
Vargas Sangre De Cristo Community Mental Health Service Inc v United States M Vargas	723 F2d 1461	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	22 Dec 1983	WorldLII		35
Grand Jury Gordon Witness Doe v United States	722 F2d 303; 14 Fed REvid Serv 510	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	5 Dec 1983	WorldLII		18
Re Grand Jury Proceedings Appeal of Robert E Young	716 F2d 493	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	27 Oct 1983	WorldLII		20
United States v E Eisenberg T Grand Jury Proceedings	711 F2d 959; 73 ALRFed 101	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	26 Jul 1983	WorldLII		8
John Doe Corporation v United States	714 F2d 604	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	21 Jul 1983	WorldLII		6
Marrese v American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons	706 F2d 1488	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	19 Jul 1983	WorldLII		6
Kj Cheng v Gaf Corporation	713 F2d 886; 32 Empl Prac Dec P 33,713; 73 ALRFed 257	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	23 Jun 1983	WorldLII		23
In Re Subpoenas to Local 478 International Union of Operating Engineers and Benefit Funds	708 F2d 65	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	19 May 1983	WorldLII		4
Re Grand Jury Matter Impounded	703 F2d 56	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	28 Feb 1983	WorldLII		4
Marrese v American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons	692 F2d 1083	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	25 Jan 1983	WorldLII		3
Grand Jury Witness v United States Grand Jury Witness	695 F2d 359; 12 Fed REvid Serv 326	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	21 Dec 1982	WorldLII		20
Grand Jury Subpoenas Duces Tecum Lahodny v United States	695 F2d 363; 12 Fed REvid Serv 337	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	21 Dec 1982	WorldLII		22
Grand Jury Proceedings Mills United States Grand Jury Proceedings Mills Mills	686 F2d 135	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	15 Nov 1982	WorldLII		7
International Horizons Inc International Horizons Inc v Committee of Unsecureds	689 F2d 996	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	21 Oct 1982	WorldLII		24
Rouse Constr Int'l, Inc v Rouse Constr Corporation	680 F2d 743	United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit	United States	16 Jul 1982	WorldLII		18
Re Burlington Northern Inc	679 F2d 762; 29 Fair Empl Prac Cas 565; 30 Empl Prac Dec P 33,035	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	4 Jun 1982	WorldLII		6
United States v Columbia Broadcasting System Inc	666 F2d 364	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	22 Jan 1982	WorldLII		16
Standard Drywall, Inc v United States	668 F2d 156	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	5 Jan 1982	WorldLII		14
Bradshaw v Zoological Society of San Diego	662 F2d 1301; 27 Empl Prac Dec P 32,296; 67 ALRFed 889; 27 Fair Empl Prac Cas 841	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	7 Dec 1981	WorldLII		57
Randle v Victor Welding Supply Co	664 F2d 1064	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	20 Nov 1981	WorldLII		23
United States v Greger	657 F2d 1109	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	19 Nov 1981	WorldLII		16
United States v Kis	658 F2d 526	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	17 Nov 1981	WorldLII		47
Doe v United States	662 F2d 1073; 9 Fed REvid Serv 578; 64 ALRFed 457	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	26 Oct 1981	WorldLII		15
Cotner v U S Mason	657 F2d 1390	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	3 Sep 1981	WorldLII		14
Re Grand Jury Proceedings Paul E Horvath	655 F2d 882; 9 Fed REvid Serv 129	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	30 Jul 1981	WorldLII		7
Guam v Kingsbury	649 F2d 740	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	29 Jun 1981	WorldLII		22
Re Sealed Case	655 F2d 1298; 211 USApp DC 68	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	8 Jun 1981	WorldLII		8
United States v M Cuthbertson Cbs 81-1467	651 F2d 189; 7 Media LRep 1377; 8 Fed REvid Serv 458	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	29 May 1981	WorldLII		11
Grand Jury Empanelled August 14 1979 Trw Credit Data Trw	638 F2d 1235	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	5 Feb 1981	WorldLII		2
United States v Winner	641 F2d 825	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	21 Jan 1981	WorldLII		19
United States v Feeney C C White	641 F2d 821	United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit	United States	21 Jan 1981	WorldLII		5
Firestone Tire & Rubber Co v Risjord	449 US 368; 101 SCt 669; 66 L Ed 2d 571; [1981] SEC 1291	United States Supreme Court	United States	13 Jan 1981	WorldLII		479
Trw Gren United States v Trw Inc	633 F2d 825	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	2 Dec 1980	WorldLII		4
Berkley and Co Inc Berkley and Co Inc	629 F2d 548; 6 Fed REvid Serv 1165	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	27 Aug 1980	WorldLII		26
Osh 1966 1980 Oshd 24741 Consolidated Rail Corporation	631 F2d 1122	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	27 Aug 1980	WorldLII		5
Osh Oshd Marshall v Milwaukee Boiler Manufacturing Co Inc W	626 F2d 1339	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	4 Aug 1980	WorldLII		8
Katz Jamil v United States	623 F2d 122; 6 Fed REvid Serv 997	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	1 Jul 1980	WorldLII		26
Grand Jury	619 F2d 1022	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	17 Apr 1980	WorldLII		22
United States v Arthur Andersen & Co	623 F2d 720	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	31 Mar 1980	WorldLII		16
Imperial Distributors, Inc v United States	617 F2d 892	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	21 Mar 1980	WorldLII		11
Re Robert Oberkoetter	612 F2d 15	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	4 Jan 1980	WorldLII		17
7 Oshcas 1880 (16 November 1979)	7 OSHCas 1880		United States	16 Nov 1979	WorldLII
Re William H Oswalt	607 F2d 645	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	9 Nov 1979	WorldLII		6
Grand Jury Subpoena for New York State Income Tax Records New York State Department of Taxation and Finance v United States	607 F2d 566	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	26 Sep 1979	WorldLII		11
Socialist Workers Party v Grubisic Carey	604 F2d 1005	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	7 Aug 1979	WorldLII		5
Grand Jury Proceedings Fmc Corporation	604 F2d 798	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	18 Jul 1979	WorldLII		62
Re Grand Jury Proceedings Appeal of Fmc Corporation	604 F2d 804	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	18 Jul 1979	WorldLII		4
Consumer Credit Insurance Agency Inc v United States	599 F2d 770	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	13 Jun 1979	WorldLII		3
United States v Ajimura	598 F2d 510	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	7 Jun 1979	WorldLII		8
Fendler Fendler v United States	597 F2d 1314	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	4 Jun 1979	WorldLII		3
Re Grand Jury Investigation Appeal of United States of America	599 F2d 1224; 4 Fed REvid Serv 1338	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	1 Jun 1979	WorldLII		36
In the Matter of Grand Jury Empanelled February 14 1978 Appeal of United States of America	597 F2d 851	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	27 Apr 1979	WorldLII		29
Baltimore State Department of Taxation and Finance v United States	596 F2d 630	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	20 Apr 1979	WorldLII		4
Church of Scientology of California v United States	591 F2d 533	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	22 Feb 1979	WorldLII		7
In Re Adele Halkin et Als	598 F2d 176; 4 Media LRep 2025; 194 USApp DC 257	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	31 Jan 1979	WorldLII		33
National Super Spuds, Inc v New York Mercantile Exchange	591 F2d 174	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	17 Jan 1979	WorldLII		36
Special April Grand Jury Scott v United States	587 F2d 889	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	8 Dec 1978	WorldLII		11
United States v Parsons	585 F2d 941	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	7 Nov 1978	WorldLII		1
United States v L Lavender	583 F2d 630	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	26 Sep 1978	WorldLII		1
United States v Premises Known As Taylor Ave Apartment Pittsburgh Pennsylvania Margolis	584 F2d 1297	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	21 Sep 1978	WorldLII		30
Miller v Reighter	581 F2d 1181	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	20 Sep 1978	WorldLII		4
April Grand Jury Subpoenas General Motors Corporation v United States	584 F2d 1366	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	7 Sep 1978	WorldLII		20
Re Frederick Benjamin	582 F2d 121	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	21 Aug 1978	WorldLII		3
In Re Grand Jury Subpoenas April 1978 at Baltimore	581 F2d 1103	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	17 Aug 1978	WorldLII		23
New York Times Co v Jascalevich	439 US 1304; 58 L Ed 2d 12; 98 SCt 3060	United States Supreme Court	United States	12 Jul 1978	WorldLII		5
Re Grand Jury Proceedings Appeal of United States of America	580 F2d 13	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	11 Jul 1978	WorldLII		8
New York Times Co v Jascalevich	439 US 1301; 58 L Ed 2d 9; 98 SCt 3058	United States Supreme Court	United States	11 Jul 1978	WorldLII		4
Lowthian v United States	575 F2d 1292	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	1 Jun 1978	WorldLII		2
Grand Jury Subpoenas General Motors Corporation v United States	573 F2d 936	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	5 Apr 1978	WorldLII		10
Goldblum v National Broadcasting Corporation	584 F2d 904; 4 Media LRep 1718	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	2 Feb 1978	WorldLII		13
Velsicol Chemical Corporation v Parsons	561 F2d 671	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	26 Sep 1977	WorldLII		24
David v Hooker, Ltd	560 F2d 412	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	6 Sep 1977	WorldLII		33
Faltico American Meat Processors Association v United States	561 F2d 109	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	24 Aug 1977	WorldLII		6
Murphy United States v Pfizer Inc E Clark J	560 F2d 326; 41 ALRFed 102	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	12 Aug 1977	WorldLII		37
United States v W Holland	552 F2d 667	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	23 May 1977	WorldLII		6
Sovereign News Co v United States	544 F2d 909	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	17 Nov 1976	WorldLII		7
United States v Rizzo	539 F2d 458	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	24 Sep 1976	WorldLII		23
Nos 76-1372 76-1419	541 F2d 166	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	24 Aug 1976	WorldLII		10
Grand Jury Impaneled January 21 1975 Freedman 76-1248 Cortese 76-1276	541 F2d 373; 1 Fed REvid Serv 309	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	10 Aug 1976	WorldLII		23
Re Raymond J Ryan and Helen Ryan US Tax Court	538 F2d 435; 176 USApp DC 87	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	30 Jul 1976	WorldLII		3
January Grand Jury Genson v United States	534 F2d 719	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	18 May 1976	WorldLII		7
Kaufman v Edelstein	539 F2d 811	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	20 Apr 1976	WorldLII		14
Squillacote v Local Meat & Allied Food Workers	534 F2d 735; 78 Lab Cas 11,408	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	13 Apr 1976	WorldLII		31
Grand Jury Proceeding Meadowbrook Hospital Inc v United States	528 F2d 983	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	19 Mar 1976	WorldLII
North Carolina Association of Black Lawyers v North Carolina Board of Law Examiners	538 F2d 547; 11 Empl Prac Dec P 10,697	United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit	United States	17 Feb 1976	WorldLII		21
Grand Jury Proceedings Grand Jury Proceedings	525 F2d 151	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	20 Oct 1975	WorldLII		23
McSurely v J McClellan	521 F2d 1024; 172 USApp DC 364	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	1 Oct 1975	WorldLII		10
Shea v Gabriel	520 F2d 879	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	4 Aug 1975	WorldLII		13
Grinnell Corporation v Hackett	519 F2d 595	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	29 Jul 1975	WorldLII		17
Dow Chemical Co v S Taylor	519 F2d 352; 77 Lab Cas 10,963; 36 ALRFed 757	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	1 Jul 1975	WorldLII		22
National Right to Work Legal Defense v R Richey	510 F2d 1239; 76 Lab Cas 10,731; 167 USApp DC 18	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	16 Jun 1975	WorldLII		11
Ryan v Commissioner of Internal Revenue	517 F2d 13	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	23 May 1975	WorldLII		13
VonderAhe v Howland	508 F2d 364	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	18 Feb 1975	WorldLII		33
Premium Service Corporation v Sperry & Hutchinson Co	511 F2d 225	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	6 Feb 1975	WorldLII		29
Maness v Meyers	419 US 449; 42 L Ed 2d 574; 95 SCt 584; 42 L Ed 574	United States Supreme Court	United States	15 Jan 1975	WorldLII		130
River Valley Inc v Dubuque County	507 F2d 582	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	10 Dec 1974	WorldLII		4
United States v Nixon	418 US 683; 41 L Ed 2; 41 L Ed 2d 1039; 94 SCt 3090	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 Jul 1974	WorldLII		764
United States v Humble Oil & Refining Co	488 F2d 953	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	7 Mar 1974	WorldLII		13
United States v Calandra	414 US 338; 38 L Ed 2d 561; 94 SCt 613; 42 USLW 4104	United States Supreme Court	United States	8 Jan 1974	WorldLII		583
United States v E Woodson	490 F2d 1282	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	18 Dec 1973	WorldLII		5
Nixon v Sirica	487 F2d 700; 159 USApp DC 58; 19 ALRFed 343	United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit	United States - District of Columbia	25 Oct 1973	WorldLII		66
Gialde v Time, Inc	480 F2d 1295	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	20 Jun 1973	WorldLII		19
United States v Dionisio	410 US 1; 35 L Ed 2d 67; 93 SCt 764; 35 L Ed 67	United States Supreme Court	United States	22 Jan 1973	WorldLII		260
Childs v M Kaplan	467 F2d 628	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	3 Oct 1972	WorldLII		9
Gravel v United States	408 US 606; 33 L Ed 2d 583; 92 SCt 2614	United States Supreme Court	United States	29 Jun 1972	WorldLII		150
Bova v United States	460 F2d 404	United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit	United States	28 Apr 1972	WorldLII		6
United States v Williams	459 F2d 909	United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit	United States	12 Apr 1972	WorldLII		7
United States v Peachtree National Distributors	456 F2d 442	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	7 Mar 1972	WorldLII		7
Matter of Patricia Rom	459 F2d 15	United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit	United States	25 Feb 1972	WorldLII		5
Lehigh Portland Cement Co v E Swope	455 F2d 638	United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit	United States	23 Feb 1972	WorldLII		1
United States v Doe	455 F2d 1270	United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit	United States	11 Feb 1972	WorldLII		12
Matter of the Grand Jury Subpoena Duces Tecum of Raymond J Ryan	[1971] USCA9 835	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	30 Jul 1971	WorldLII
United States v A Shaheen	445 F2d 6	United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit	United States	12 Jun 1971	WorldLII		5

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date †	Full Text		Citation Index
Matter of the Grand Jury Subpoena Duces Tecum of Raymond J Ryan	430 F2d 658	United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit	United States	29 Jul 1970	WorldLII		4
Walker v City of Birmingham	388 US 307; 18 L Ed 2d 1210; 87 SCt 1824	United States Supreme Court	United States	12 Jun 1967	WorldLII		133
DiBella v United States	28 US 92; 82 SCt 654; 7 L Ed 2d 614; 3 Pet 92; 7 L Ed 614	United States Supreme Court	United States	19 Mar 1962	WorldLII		208
Carroll v United States	354 US 394; 1 L Ed 2d 1442; 77 SCt 1332	United States Supreme Court	United States	24 Jun 1957	WorldLII		157
Cobbledick v United States	309 US 323; 84 L Ed 2d 783; 84 L Ed 783; 60 SCt 540	United States Supreme Court	United States	26 Feb 1940	WorldLII		524
Perlman v United States	247 US 7; 62 L Ed 950; 38 SCt 417; 62 L Ed 2d 950	United States Supreme Court	United States	6 May 1918	WorldLII		209
Alexander v United States	201 US 117; 50 L Ed 686; 26 SCt 356	United States Supreme Court	United States	12 Mar 1906	WorldLII		129
United States v Blue	384 US 251; 16 L Ed 2d 510; 86 SCt 1416; 16 L Ed 510	United States Supreme Court	United States	1 Dec 1859	WorldLII		128
Cresta Corporation , SA v Commissioner	400 US 1008; 27 L Ed 2d 621; 91 SCt 566	United States Supreme Court	United States	circa 1970	Westlaw		12
Di Bella v United States	369 US 121; 82 SCt 654; 7 L Ed 2d 614	United States Supreme Court	United States	circa 1970	Westlaw		319